POSISI KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN BARANG MELALUI SISTEM TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK: KAJIAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP TINDAKAN PENIPUAN DAN KECURANGAN DALAM MENJUAL BARANG

Purba, Sorta D.R.E Cesilia (2025) POSISI KONSUMEN DALAM PEMBELIAN BARANG MELALUI SISTEM TRANSAKSI ELEKTRONIK: KAJIAN YURIDIS PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN TERHADAP TINDAKAN PENIPUAN DAN KECURANGAN DALAM MENJUAL BARANG. S3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Judul Disertasi : KEWAJIBAN KORPORASI DALAM PENDIRIAN RUMAH SAKIT YANG MERATA DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI PERSFEKTIF HUKUM KESEHATAN UNTUK MENINGKAT-KAN KEADILAN DAN PEMERATAAN BERDASARKAN PANCASILA DAN UNDANG-UNDANG DASAR NRI TAHUN 1945 Pemerintah wajib menyediakan dan meningkatkan mutu layanan kesehatan merupakan hak asasi manusia dan unsur kesejahteraan mewujudkan cita-cita bangsa Indonesia sesuai Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Rebulik Indonesia Tahun 1945. Pasal 34 Undang-Undang Dasar Tahun 1945, bahwa negara bertanggung jawab atas tersedianya fasilitas layanan kesehatan dan layanan umum yang layak. Pasal 19 Undang-Undang Nomor 08 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, pemerintah bertanggung jawab atas ketersediaan segala bentuk upaya kesehatan yang bermutu, aman, efisien dan terjangkau. Ayat 1 Pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah bertanggung jawab terhadap penyelenggaraan Upaya Kesehatan perseorangan dan masyarakat Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 28 Tahun 2025, bahwa Rumah Sakit adalah institusi pelayanan kesehatan yang menyelenggarakan pelayanan kesehatan perorangan secara paripurna yang menyediakan pelayanan rawat inap, rawat jalan dan gawat darurat. Meningkatkan kapasitas dan ketahanan kesehatan diperlukan penyesuaian kebijakan untuk penguatan sistem kesehatan secara integratif dan holistik. Penyelenggaraan pelayanan Rumah Sakit membutuhkan izin operasional dan izin pendirian yang diberikan pemerintah pusat dan atau pemerintah daerah setempat melalui sistem Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Terintegrasi Secara ELektronik (Online Single Submission) yang dikelola dan diselenggarakan oleh lembaga OSS. Pelaksanaan proses perizinan perlu dihubungkan dengan pemerataan ketersediaan layanan keseha-tan di wilayah terpencil. Masih terdapat ketidakselarasan praktek dilapangan yang menjadi permasalahan percepatan perolehan izin bagi penyelenggara Rumah Sakit. Kriteria penilaian tingkat keberhasilan atas kebijakan alokasi penyediaan layanan rumah sakit yang merata meliputi efisiensi, kualitas dan pemerataan. Metode penelitian yakni yuridis normatif digunakan untuk analisa dan kajian tentang 1) Kewajiban korporasi dalam penyelenggaraan Rumah Sakit secara merata di Indonesia; 2) Re-formulasi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan tentang penerapan peraturan atas kewajiban jaringan Rumah Sakit dalam rangka pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan di Indonesia sesuai perspektif hukum kesehatan; 3) Perlindungan hukum dan tanggung jawab bagi korporasi dalam melakukan aktivitasnya. Persyaratan lokasi pendirian RS telah diatur, namun masih kurangnya akses masyarakat daerah terpencil, re-formulasi penerapan kewajiban jaringan rumah sakit bagi korporasi dalam rangka pemerataan pelayanan kesehatan, rumusan perlindungan hukum dan tanggung jawab korporasi berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah RI Nomor 28 Tahun 2025. Kata Kunci : Kewajiban Korporasi, Pendirian Rumah Sakit, Perspektif Hukum Kesehatan, Asas Keadilan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar NRI 45 / ABSTRACT Title Disertation : HOSPITALS IN INDONESIA ARE REVIEWED FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF HEALTH LAW TO IMPROVE THE PRINCIPLES OFJUSTICE AND EQUALITY BASED ON PANCASILA AND THE 1945 NRI BASIC LAW The government is obliged to provide and improve the quality of health services, which is a human right and an element of welfare to realize the ideals of the Indonesian nation in accordance with Pancasila and the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Article 34 of the 1945 Constitution states that the state is responsible for the availability of facilities. adequate health and public services. Article 19 of Law Number 08 of 2023 concerning Health, the government is responsible for the availability of all forms of quality, safe, efficient and affordable health measures. Paragraph 1 The central government and regional governments are responsible for implementing individual and community health efforts Republic of Indonesia Government Regulation Number 28 of 2025, that a hospital is a health service institution that provides comprehensive individual health services that provide inpatient, outpatient and emergency services. Increasing health capacity and resilience requires policy adjustments to strengthen the health system in an integrative and holistic manner. The provision of hospital services requires an operational permit and establishment permit granted by the central government and/or local regional government through the Electronically Integrated Risk-Based Business Licensing (Online Single Submission) system which is managed and administered by the OSS institution. The implementation of the licensing process needs to be linked to the equitable availability of health services in remote areas. There are still inconsistencies in practice in the field which is a problem in accelerating the acquisition of permits for hospital administrators. Criteria for assessing the level of success of the allocation policy for the provision of equitable hospital services include efficiency, quality and equity. The research method, namely normative juridical, is used for analysis and study of 1) Corporate obligations in administering hospitals evenly in Indonesia; 2) Re-formulation of the Minister of Health's Regulation regarding the implementation of regulations regarding the obligations of Hospital networks in the context of equitable distribution of health services in Indonesia according to the perspective of health law; 3) Legal protection and responsibility for corporations in carrying out their activities. The location requirements for establishing hospitals have been regulated, but there is still a lack of access for communities in remote areas, a reformulation of the implementation of hospital network obligations for corporations in the context of equal distribution of health services, a formulation of legal protection and corporate responsibility based on Indonesian Government Regulation Number 28 of 2025. Keyword : Corporate Obligations, Establishment of Hospitals, Health Law Perspective, Pancasila Principles of Justice and the 45th Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia

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