Analisis Pengaruh Fouling Terhadap Kinerja Cooling Tower Induced Draft Counterflow Di Perusahaan Kimia PT. XYZ

Eric Samuel, Eric (2025) Analisis Pengaruh Fouling Terhadap Kinerja Cooling Tower Induced Draft Counterflow Di Perusahaan Kimia PT. XYZ. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Cooling tower merupakan alat penukar kalor yang berperan untuk mendinginkan air yang keluar dari heat exchanger dengan cara mengontakkan air dengan udara disekitar, sehingga air menjadi dingin. Cooling tower dengan tipe induced draft counterflow merupakan salah satu tipe yang digunakan pada perusahaan kimia PT. XYZ mengalami sebuah permasalahan yaitu fouling yang menempel pada komponen filler sehingga perbedaan selisih temperatur air yang masuk dan keluar menurun menjadi 2°C. Endapan ini disebabkan oleh akumulasi pengotor seperti lumpur, debu dan mikroorganisme dari sirkulasi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh fouling terhadap kinerja cooling tower, serta memberikan rekomendasi teknis yang dapat diterapkan untuk mencegah fouling pada komponen filler. Penelitian ini memakai metode pendekatan kuantitatif dengan pengumpulan data melalui observasi lapangan, studi literatur, pengukuran parameter operasional cooling tower, serta analisis dengan menggunakan efektivitas pendingin, kapasitas pendingin dan nilai NTU pada cooling tower berdasarkan teori Merkel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa, fouling yang menempel pada komponen filler menyebabkan efektivitas cooling tower mengalami penurunan dari 58.8% hingga menjadi 41%, kapasitas pendinginan juga menurun dari 686.3 kW menjadi 274.5 kW, dan nilai NTU berdasarkan teori Merkel menurun dari 0.41 menjadi 0.20. Setelah dilakukan maintenance dengan disemprot menggunakan water jet, berhasil untuk menghilangkan fouling yang menempel pada filler sehingga perbedaan selisih temperatur air yang masuk dan keluar meningkat menjadi 4°C. Kata Kunci: fouling, kinerja cooling tower, perpindahan panas. / Cooling tower is a heat exchanger that functions to cool the water coming out of the heat exchanger by contacting the water with the surrounding air, so that the water becomes cold. Cooling tower with induced draft counterflow type is one of the types used in chemical company PT. XYZ experienced a problem, namely fouling that sticks to the filler component so that the difference in temperature of the incoming and outgoing water decreases to 2°C. This deposit is caused by the accumulation of impurities such as mud, dust and microorganisms from water circulation. This study aims to analyze the effect of fouling on the performance of the cooling tower, as well as to provide technical recommendations that can be applied to prevent fouling on the filler component. This study uses a quantitative approach method with data collection through field observations, literature studies, measurements of cooling tower operational parameters, and analysis using cooling effectiveness, cooling capacity and NTU values in the cooling tower based on Merkel's theory. Based on the research results, it was found that fouling attached to the filler component caused the effectiveness of the cooling tower to decrease from 58.8% to 41%, the cooling capacity also decreased from 686.3 kW to 274.5 kW, and the NTU value based on Merkel's theory decreased from 0.41 to 0.20. After maintenance was carried out by spraying using a water jet, it succeeded in removing the fouling attached to the filler so that the difference in temperature of the incoming and outgoing water increased to 4°C. Keywords: fouling, Cooling tower performance, Heat transfer.

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