Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan atas Restitusi

Meimunah, Meimunah (2024) Hak Korban Tindak Pidana Pencemaran Lingkungan atas Restitusi. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hak korban tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan atas restitusi. Selama ini penegakan hukum pidana dengan menggunakan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana masih berorientasi pada kepentingan pelaku. Namun belakangan ini, system hukum pidana di Indonesia sudah berorientasi pada kepentingan korban, dimana korban tindak pidana yang mengalami kerugian baik kerugian materiil maupun immaterial berhak memperoleh ganti rugi dari pelaku,yang disebut dengan restitui. Restitusi adalah ganti kerugian yang diberikan kepada korban atau keluarganya oleh pelaku tindak pidana atau pihak ketiga,berupa ganti kerugian atas kehilangan kekayaan dan/atau penghasilan, ganti kerugian, baik materiil maupun imateriil, yang ditimbulkan akibat penderitaan yang berkaitan langsung sebagai akibat tindak pidana, penggantian biaya perawatan medis dan/ atau psikolagis dan/atau kerugian lain yang diderita korban sebagai akibat tindak pidana termasuk biaya transportasi dasar, biaya pengacara, atau biaya lain yang berhubungan dengan proses hukum. Salah satu korban tindak pidana yang berhak mendapat restitusi adalah korban tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan yang diakibatkan limbah B3. Dasar hukum yang dijadikan sebagai landasan untuk mengajukan permohonan restitusi adalah Berdasarkan ketentuan Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Pengelolaan dan Perlindungan Lingkungan Hidup Pasal 87 yang menyatakan Setiap penanggung jawab usaha dan/atau kegiatan yang melakukan perbuatan melanggar hukum berupa pencemaran dan/atau perusakan lingkungan hidup yang menimbulkan kerugian pada orang lain atau lingkungan hidup wajib membayan ganti rugi dan/atau melakukan tindakan tertentu jo Peraturan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1 Tahun 2022 tentang Tata cara Penyelesaian Permohonan dan Pemberian Restitusi dan Kompensasi kepada Korban Tindak Pidana Pasal 2 Ayat (1) prase “serta tindak pidana lain yang ditetapkan dengan Keputusan LPSK sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan.” korban tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan yang diakibatkan limbah B3 berhak memperoleh restitusi. Dalam melakukan penelitian ini, teori keadilan dan teori perlindungan hukum digunakan sebagai landasan teori, yang dijadikan sebagai pisau analisis dalam membedah hak korban pencemaran lingkungan hidup akibat pencemaran limbah B3. untuk melihat apakah norma hukum dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 dihubungkan dengan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Nomor 6 ahun 2023 khususnya Kluster Lingkungan Hidup sudah memberikan perlindungan dan rasa keadilan kepada korban melalui penegakan hukum dengan mengunakan peraturan perundangundangan yang berlaku saat ini. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normative yang dilakukan sebagai upaya untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan sehubungan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier. Untuk analisis data dilakukan dengan metode analisis yuridis kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat diperoleh bahwa korban tindak pidana pencemaran lingkungan hidup akibat limbah B3 berhak memperoleh ganti rugi dari pelaku pecemaran lingkungan hidup, dalam hal ini korporasi. Permohonan restitusi diajukan ke pengadilan, pertama, ketika perkara masih berlangsung di pengadilan atau kedua, sesudah putusan pengadilan mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap dengan mengajukan permohonan kepengadilan dan ketiga, dalam hal pengadilan tidak mengabulkan permohonan restitusi, korban masih dapat menuntut hak atas restitusi dengan mengajukan gugatan ke pengadilan. Kata kunci: restitusi, pencemaran, limbah B3, korban. / The rights of victims of criminal acts of environmental pollution to restitution. So far, criminal law enforcement using the Criminal Code is still oriented towards the interests of the perpetrator. However, recently, the criminal law system in Indonesia has been oriented towards the interests of victims, where victims of criminal acts who experience losses, both material and immaterial, have the right to obtain compensation from the perpetrator, which is called restitution. Restitution is compensation given to victims or their families by perpetrators of criminal acts or third parties, in the form of compensation for loss of wealth and/or income, compensation for losses, both material and immaterial, which arise as a result of suffering directly related to the crime, compensation medical and/or psychological treatment costs and/or other losses suffered by victims as a result of criminal acts including basic transportation costs, attorney's fees, or other costs related to the legal process. One of the victims of criminal acts who are entitled to restitution is victims of criminal acts of environmental pollution caused by B3 waste. The legal basis used as a basis for submitting a request for restitution is Based on the provisions of Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Management and Protection, Article 87 which states that every person in charge of a business and/or activity who commits an unlawful act in the form of pollution and/or destruction of the environment which causes harm to other people or the environment is obliged to pay compensation and/or take certain actions in conjunction with Supreme Court Regulation Number 1 of 2022 concerning Procedures for Settlement of Applications and Providing Restitution and Compensation to Victims of Criminal Acts Article 2 Paragraph (1) prase "as well as other criminal acts stipulated by the LPSK Decree as intended in the provisions of statutory regulations." Victims of criminal acts of environmental pollution caused by B3 waste have the right to receive restitution. In conducting this research, the theory of justice and the theory of legal protection were used as theoretical foundations, which were used as analytical tools in dissecting the rights of victims of environmental pollution due to B3 waste pollution. to see whether the legal norms in Law Number 32 of 2009 are linked to the Job Creation Law Number 6 of 2023, especially the Environmental Cluster, which has provided protection and a sense of justice to victims through law enforcement using currently applicable laws and regulations. The method used in this research is normative juridical legal research which was carried out as an effort to obtain the necessary data relating to the problem being studied. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials. Data analysis was carried out using qualitative juridical analysis methods. From the research results, it can be seen that victims of criminal acts of environmental pollution due to B3 waste have the right to obtain compensation from the perpetrators of environmental pollution, in this case corporations. A request for restitution is submitted to the court, firstly, while the case is still ongoing in court or secondly, after the court decision has permanent legal force by filing a court petition and thirdly, in the event that the court does not grant the request for restitution, the victim can still claim the right to restitution by filing a lawsuit to court. Key words: restitution, pollution, B3 waste, victims,

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