Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian dalam Pemberian Kredit oleh Lembaga Perbankan (Studi Kasus Kredit Bermasalah PT Rockit Aldeway dan PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari)

Walandouw, Sesca Sylia (2024) Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian dalam Pemberian Kredit oleh Lembaga Perbankan (Studi Kasus Kredit Bermasalah PT Rockit Aldeway dan PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penerapan Prinsip Kehati-hatian Perbankan Berdasarkan Studi Kasus Kredit Bermasalah PT Rockit Aldeway dan PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis studi kasus kredit bermasalah PT Rockit Aldeway (PT RA) dan PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari (PT MJPL) di Perbankan Indonesia, terkait PT RA mendeskripsikan tindakan pencegahan dan antisipasi atas pencairan kredit yang mengacu pada Data Keuangan Invoice dan Purchase Order (PO) yang diserahkan oleh calon nasabah kredit (debitur). Mengacu pada PT MJPL mencegah proses dan persetujuan kredit yang tidak berdasarkan data, fakta, dan informasi dalam Laporan Keuangan audited atau inhouse dan bukti cash flow yang membuktikan proyek yang dikerjakan calon debitur. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui berita yang dipublikasi melalui media cetak dan elektronik di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tindakan pidana pemalsuan dokumen keuangan (Purchase Order and Invoice) yang dilakukan oleh debitur dan terbukti bahwa telah dilakukan pencucian uang dari hasil pencairan kredit tersebut dengan mentransfer ke rekening-rekening pribadi atas nama orang lain pada bank-bank yang berbeda di Indonesia dan mentransfer kembali ke rekening PT Rockit Aldeway dan Harry Suganda sebagai pemilik perusahaan. PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari terkait proyek yang diinformasikan kepada bank ternyata merupakan proyek fiktif dan karena tidak dilakukan pengecekan kepada pemberi proyek juga kepada supplier-supplier calon debitur maka bank menyetujui kredit berdasarkan proyek fiktif. Metodologi penelitian dilakukan secara normatif berdasarkan aturan dan kaidah-kaidah hukum yang ada kemudian atas kasus PT RA dan PT MJPL. Data-data yang diambil dari keputusan Mahkamah Agung, keputusan Majelis Hakim, media cetak, dan media elektronik akan dilakukan analisis secara normatif empiris dengan meneliti setiap kejadian yang ada dari proses awal pemberian kredit hingga menjadi kasus kredit bermasalah. Jangka waktu penelitian ini menggunakan waktu selama 3 bulan. Pentingnya pencegahan dan antisipasi serta solusi yang diberikan melalui penelitian ini membuat perbankan tetap yakin mengucurkan kreditnya kepada nasabah yang memang layak diberikan. Berdasarkan analisis kasus pemalsuan data keuangan (Purchase Order dan Invoice) oleh PT RA dan proyek fiktif oleh PT MJPL yang berujung pada kredit bermasalah, mewajibkan bank menerapkan prinsip kehati hatian dalam menjalankan seluruh proses persetujuan kredit, pencairan kredit hingga pada monitor kredit pada saat sudah menjadi debitur. Sehingga memberikan dampak positif yang sejalan dengan tugas utama perbankan yaitu membantu dan mendorong laju pertumbuhan dunia usaha yang berdampak pada perekonomian nasional. Kata Kunci : Invoice dan Purchase Order Palsu, Proyek Fiktif, Marketing, kredit bermasalah. / Application of Banking Prudential Principles Based on the Problematic Credit Case Study of PT Rockit Aldeway This research aims to conduct a case-study analysis of PT Rockit Aldeway (PT RA) and PT Megah Jaya Prima Lestari (PT MJPL)in Indonesian Banking. This article describes preventive and anticipatory measures for credit disbursement which refers to financial data on invoices and purchase orders (PO) submitted by prospective credit customers (debtors). Along with PT MJPL, PT RA took advantage of the process and approval of loans that were not based on data, and information in audited or in-house financial appendices and cash flow evidenced which proved the projects undertaken by prospective debtors. This research uses the descriptive qualitative method with a case study approach. The data used in this research was obtained through news published in print and electronic media in Indonesia. The results of this research indicate that there were criminal acts of falsifying financial documents (purchase orders and invoices) carried out by debtors and it was proven that money had been laundered from the proceeds of credit disbursement by transferring them to personal accounts in the names of other people at different banks in Indonesia and transfer back to the account of PT Rockit Aldeway and Harry Suganda as the owner of the company. PT Megah Jaya Prima that was informed to the bank as affiliated to the project, turned out to be fictitious and since no recheck was made to the project provider as well as to the supplier of the prospective debtor, the banks approved loans based on aforementioned fictitious projects. The research methodology was carried out normatively based on existing legal rules and regulations in the case of PT RA. Data taken from Supreme Court decisions, printed media, and electronic media were analyzed normatively empirically by examining every incident that occured from the initial process of granting credit until it became a problematic credit case. The time period for this research was 3 months. The importance of prevention and anticipation as well as the solutions provided through this research ensure that banks remain confident in disbursing credit to customers who deserve it. Based on an analysis of cases of falsification of financial data by PT RA, which led to problem loans, requires banks to apply the principle of prudence in carrying out the entire credit approval process, credit disbursement, and credit monitoring when they become debtors. This article hopes to provide a positive impact that is in line with the main task of banking, namely helping and encouraging the growth rate of the business world which has an impact on the national economy. Keywords: Fake invoices and Purchase Orders, fictitious project, marketing, problem credit.

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