Kerja Sama Indonesia-Australia dalam Mengatasi Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing di Laut Arafuru Tahun 2017-2023

Sahupala, Nabilla Vanadis Azzirnikh (2024) Kerja Sama Indonesia-Australia dalam Mengatasi Illegal Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing di Laut Arafuru Tahun 2017-2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini memberikan tinjauan komprehensif tentang bagaimana kerja sama keamanan di antara kedua negara yaitu Indonesia dan Australia dalam mengatasi sebuah tindak kejahatan Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing pada sektor capacity building pada tahun 2017 hingga 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan tiga konseptual yaitu keamanan maritim, kerjasama keamanan, dan capacity building yang akan digunakan untuk meninjau sejauh mana efektivitas dan relevansi dari kerjasama ini. Penelitian ini disusun menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan analisis dokumen untuk menganalisis pelaksanaan program capacity building dan operasi patroli bersama antara Badan Keamanan Laut Republik Indonesia (Bakamla RI) dan Australian Border Force (ABF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerja sama antara Indonesia dan Australia dalam mengatasi IUU Fishing telah meningkatkan kemampuan aparat dalam mendeteksi tindak kejahatan IUU Fishing terhadap pendeteksian dini aktivitas illegal fishing di wilayah perairan yang menjadi fokus kerja sama, terutama di Laut Arafuru. Melalui program capacity building tersebutlah terjadi peningkatan kemampuan penegakan hukum maritim melalui pelatihan, peningkatan teknologi pemantauan, dan peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia. Kerja sama ini juga meliputi operasi patroli bersama, pertukaran informasi, dan tindakan penegakan hukum yang lebih efektif. Meskipun demikian, beberapa tantangan masih dihadapi, termasuk kurangnya efek jera bagi para pelaku IUU Fishing dan keterbatasan alutsista dalam melakukan pengawasan dan patroli. Untuk mengatasi tantangan ini, diperlukan peningkatan kerja sama dalam pengawasan, termasuk penggunaan aset patroli dan drone serta pertukaran informasi terkait pelanggaran perbatasan. Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya terus memperkuat mekanisme kerja sama dan kapasitas pengawasan antara Indonesia dan Australia dalam rangka menjaga keamanan maritim di perbatasan laut keduanya dan meningkatkan efektivitas upaya penanggulangan IUU Fishing secara keseluruhan. Kata kunci: IUU Fishing, Kerja sama Indonesia-Australia, Capacity Building, Keamanan Maritim. / This research provides a comprehensive overview of security cooperation between Indonesia and Australia in addressing Illegal, Unregulated, and Unreported (IUU) Fishing through capacity building initiatives from 2017 to 2023. The study employs three conceptual approaches: maritime security, security cooperation, and capacity building to assess the effectiveness and relevance of this cooperation. Using a qualitative case study method, data was collected through interviews and document analysis to examine the implementation of capacity building programs and joint patrol operations between the Indonesian Maritime Security Agency (Bakamla RI) and the Australian Border Force (ABF). The findings indicate that cooperation between Indonesia and Australia in combating IUU Fishing has enhanced law enforcement capabilities to detect such activities early, particularly in the focused waters of the Arafura Sea. The capacity building programs have contributed to strengthening maritime law enforcement through training, improved monitoring technologies, and enhanced human resource quality. The collaboration includes joint patrols, information exchange, and more effective law enforcement measures. However, challenges remain, including the deterrent effect on IUU Fishing operators and limitations in maritime assets for surveillance and patrols. To address these challenges, increased cooperation in surveillance capabilities is necessary, including the utilization of patrol assets, drones, and information sharing concerning border violations. The research underscores the importance of continuously reinforcing cooperation mechanisms and surveillance capacities between Indonesia and Australia to uphold maritime security along their maritime borders and enhance the overall effectiveness of IUU Fishing mitigation efforts. Keywords: IUU Fishing, Indonesia-Australia cooperation, Capacity Building, Maritime Security

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