Membongkar Penyelewengan Sistem Kafala: Eksploitasi Kelas Pekerja Migran di Uni Emirat Arab

Pangau, Tamiko Abigail Elizabeth (2024) Membongkar Penyelewengan Sistem Kafala: Eksploitasi Kelas Pekerja Migran di Uni Emirat Arab. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Sistem Kafala merupakan sebuah sistem yang diterapkan para pemberi kerja (sponsor) untuk memonitor penuh para pekerja non-professional, dalam hal ini para pekerja migran. Namun, pada faktanya peraturan tersebut menghadirkan kontrol sang pemberi kerja yang akhirnya menimbulkan upaya tindakan eksploitasi dan perbudakan atas para pekerja migran di negara-negara Gulf Cooperation Council atau Dewan Kerjasama Teluk, terkhusus di Uni Emirat Arab. Penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis dampak penerapan sistem Kafala di Uni Emirat Arab terhadap para pekerja migran dengan pisau analisis eksploitasi Karl Marx dan konsep perbudakan Kevin Bales yang dikaji dengan metode penelitian dialektika materialisme historis. Temuan dari riset ini memperlihatkan bahwa penerapan sistem Kafala menghadirkan kondisi kerja eksploitatif terhadap para pekerja migran terkhusus di bidang konstruksi, pekerjaan rumah tangga dan industri jasa, hadir berbagai wujud paksaan dan penindasan, serta segregasi sosial dan spasial terhadap para pekerja migran. / The Kafala system is a system implemented by employers (sponsors) to fully monitor non-professional workers, in this case migrant workers. However, in fact, these regulations provide control by employers which ultimately leads to attempts at exploitation and enslavement of migrant workers in Gulf Cooperation Council countries, especially in the United Arab Emirates. This research seeks to analyze the impact of implementing the Kafala system in the United Arab Emirates on migrant workers using Karl Marx's analysis of exploitation and Kevin Bales' concept of slavery which is studied using the dialectical research method of historical materialism. The findings from this research show that the implementation of the Kafala system presents exploitative working conditions for migrant workers, especially in the fields of construction, domestic work and the service industry, there are various forms of coercion and oppression, as well as social and spatial segregation of migrant workers.

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