Hubungan antara Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Silangit

Tampubolon, Agnesia (2024) Hubungan antara Faktor Risiko dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja UPT Puskesmas Silangit. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Stunting merupakan suatu kondisi dimana anak terlalu pendek sesuai usianya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kegagalan pertumbuhan akibat buruknya gizi dan kesehatan sebelum dan sesudah kelahiran. Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kasus stunting di Sumatera Utara masih menjadi masalah kesehatan kronis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor risiko kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Silangit. Terdapat beberapa faktor risiko stunting yang diteliti, yaitu tinggi badan ibu, tingkat pendidikan ibu, pendapatan orang tua, riwayat pemberian ASI eksklusif, riwayat diare, dan berat badan lahir. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik observasional dengan desain case control pendekatan retrospektif. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan simple random sampling, dengan total sebanyak 112 sampel. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuesioner, buku KIA, dan alat pengukur tinggi badan. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan program SPSS melalui analisis bivariat menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting adalah tinggi badan ibu pendek sebanyak 35,7% dan tinggi badan ibu tinggi 64,3% (p = 0,004; OR = 3,889), pendidikan ibu rendah sebanyak 19,6% dan pendidikan ibu tinggi 80,4% (p = 0,022; OR = 4,319), pendapatan orang tua rendah sebanyak 96,4% dan pendapatan orang tua tinggi 3,6% (p = 0,000; OR = 20,250), pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif sebanyak 58,9% dan pemberian ASI eksklusif 41,1% (p = 0,000; OR = 4,746), riwayat diare yang berisiko stunting sebanyak 30,4% dan riwayat diare yang tidak berisiko stunting 69,6% responden (p = 0,000; OR = 11,769). Faktor risiko yang tidak bermakna hubungannya dengan kejadian stunting adalah berat badan lahir rendah sebanyak 1,8% dan berat badan lahir normal 98,2% (p = 0,315). Faktor risiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 bulan di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Silangit adalah pendapatan orang tua rendah, pendidikan ibu rendah, tinggi badan ibu pendek, pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif, riwayat diare. Sementara berat badan lahir subjek penelitian tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian stunting di wilayah kerja UPT Puskesmas Silangit. / Stunting is a condition where a child is too short for his age. This is caused by failure to grow due to poor nutrition and health before and after birth. This research is motivated by the fact that stunting in North Sumatra is still a chronic health problem. The aim of this research is to determine the risk factors for stunting in the work area of the UPT Puskesmas Silangit. There were several risk factors for stunting studied, namely maternal height, maternal education level, parental income, history of exclusive breastfeeding, history of diarrhea, and birth weight. This research is observational analytic with a case control design with a retrospective approach. Sampling was carried out using simple random sampling, with a total of 112 samples. The research instruments used were questionnaires, KIA books, and height measuring devices. Data processing was carried out with the SPSS program through bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The results of this study show that the risk factors associated with the incidence of stunting are short maternal height at 35.7% and high maternal height at 64.3% (p = 0.004; OR = 3.889), low maternal education at 19.6% and low maternal education at 19.6%. high mother 80.4% (p = 0.022; OR = 4.319), low parental income 96.4% and high parental income 3.6% (p = 0.000; OR = 20.250), non-exclusive breastfeeding 58 .9% and exclusive breastfeeding 41.1% (p = 0.000; OR = 4.746), history of diarrhea which is a risk of stunting is 30.4% and history of diarrhea which is not a risk of stunting is 69.6% of respondents (p = 0.000; OR = 11,769). Risk factors that were not significantly related to the incidence of stunting were low birth weight at 1.8% and normal birth weight at 98.2% (p = 0.315). Risk factors associated with the incidence of stunting in toddlers aged 24-59 months in the Silangit Health Center UPT work area are low parental income, low maternal education, short maternal height, non-exclusive breastfeeding, history of diarrhea. Meanwhile, the birth weight of the research subjects was not related to the incidence of stunting in the Silangit Health Center UPT work area.

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