Kajian Pengelolaan Kawasan dalam Aspek Pencemaran Lingkungan oleh Limbah Domestik

Manusama, Victor Joel (2023) Kajian Pengelolaan Kawasan dalam Aspek Pencemaran Lingkungan oleh Limbah Domestik. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Urbanisasi dapat memberi pengaruh baik dan buruk bagi perkembangan sebuah kawasan. Melalui penambahan jumlah penduduk, kebutuhan hunian akan turut meningkat. Ketersediaan lahan yang sangat terbatas di dalam kota, mendorong masyarakat memanfaatkan lahan tersisa di pinggiran sungai. Perubahan fungsi lahan pinggiran sungai akan memberi dampak buruk seperti banjir, kualitas hunian dan masalah hak atas tanah. Kepadatan hunian di pinggiran sungai memberi dampak limbah cair dan padat kawasan hunian kepada sungai. Permasalahan lingkungan dan sosial di kawasan ini terjadi akibat kurangnya ruang terbuka hijau di dalam kawasan tersebut. Penelitian ini akan mengamati salah satu kawasan pinggiran sungai kali Ciliwung yakni Kampung Pulo yang terletak di Kelurahan Jatinegara Kota Jakarta Timur. Pembahasan dilakukan terkait permasalahan permukiman padat penduduk disepanjang kali Ciliwung dan dampak lingkungannya akibat limbah domestik dan bagaimana solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Kajian desain dengan demikian membahas pengelolaan limbah cair dan padat dari permukiman, konsep lahan terbuka hijau, aspek social, pengadaan fasilitas umum dan konsep sirkulasi lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan secara deskriptif, kualitatif serta menganalisa dokumentasi dari lokasi yang ada dan melakukan wawancara kepada masyarakat sekitarnya serta aparatur pemerintahan guna mendapatkan data permasalahan secara lebih detail dan memberikan desain masukan yang dapat menjadi solusi secara keseluruhan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas kawasan permukiman serta konsep hunian berbasis pembangunan berkelanjutan yang menitikberatkan pada pengelolaan limbah domestik pada masyarakat Kampung Pulo Jatinegara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan limbah domestic masih sangat rendah. Fasilitas, sarana dan prasarana dalam kawasan pemukiman juga tidak memadai terkait pengelolaan limbah domestik dalam mendukung pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Indikasinya adalah ditemukannya limbah plastic hampir di sebagian saluran air warga dan hasil test uji lab limbah cair domestik yang menunjukan tingkat kandungan baku mutu jauh di bawah standar yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah sesuai Permen. LHK No.68/2016. Kata Kunci : Limbah Domestik, Pengelolaan Limbah, Kampung Pulo Jatinegara. / Urbanization can have positive and negative effects on the development of an area. As the population grows, so does the need for housing. However, the limited availability of land in the city often leads to people using the remaining land on the riverbanks. This change in land use can have adverse impacts, such as flooding, housing quality issues, and land rights disputes. The density of housing on the riverbank affects the amount of liquid and solid waste that is produced by the residential area and ends up in the river. Environmental and social problems arise due to the lack of green open space in the area. This research will focus on Kampung Pulo, a riverbank area located in Jatinegara Village, East Jakarta City. The discussion focuses on the densely populated settlements along the Ciliwung river and their environmental impact due to domestic waste. The design study proposes solutions to manage liquid and solid waste, create green open spaces, address social aspects, provide public facilities, and improve environmental circulation. The researchers conducted descriptive and qualitative research. They analyzed existing documentation and conducted interviews with the surrounding community and government officials to obtain detailed data on the problem and provide input for an overall solution. The research aims to examine the quality of residential areas and the concept of sustainable development-based housing that emphasizes domestic waste management in the Kampung Pulo Jatinegara community. The study reveals that community involvement in domestic waste management is insufficient. Residential areas lack the necessary facilities and infrastructure to support sustainable development in waste management. Plastic waste has been found in almost all waterways used by residents. Domestic liquid waste lab tests show that the quality standard content is far below the government's standards, as stated in Permen. LHK No.68/2016. Keywords : Domestic Waste, Waste Management, Kampung Pulo Jatinegara

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