Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen atas Penimbunan Masker pada Masa Pandemic Covid-19 Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen

Hajjah, Khairani (2023) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen atas Penimbunan Masker pada Masa Pandemic Covid-19 Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pemerintah menjamin perbekalan kesehatan untuk masyarakat sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan pasal 37 yaitu pengelolaan perbekalan kesehatan yang berupa obat esensial dan alat kesehatan dasar tertentu dilaksanakan dengan memperhatikan kemanfaatan, harga, dan faktor yang berkaitan dengan pemerataan. Para pelaku usaha memanfaatkan masaPandemi berbuat curang dengan berusaha mengambil keuntungan yang sebesar- besarnya. Kondisi seperti ini menempatkan masyarakat menjadi berada dalam posisi yang lemah karena masker menjadi kebutuhan utama untuk mencegah terkena virus Covid-19. Kondisi ini di karenakan masyarakat tidak mengetahui hak-hak nya sebagai konsumen. Pemerintah membuat Undang-Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Hukum untuk memberikan perlindungan dan kepastian hukum bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode normatif, yaitu penelitian law in book atau studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan melalui peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach). Adapun rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini: (1) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas penimbunan masker saat Pandemi Covid-19 dikaitkan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dan (2) Bagaimana peran pemerintah dalam pengawasan upaya perlindungan konsumen terhadap penimbunan masker saat Pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini ialah jenis penelitian normatif yaitu penelitian law in book atau studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan melalui peraturan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan komparatif (comparative approach). Penelitian hukum normative menggunakan data sekunder, yang terdiri dari bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder. Perlindungan hukum terhadap konsumen atas penimbunan masker saat Pandemi Covid- 19 berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen dapat dilihat melalui ketentuan Pasal 3 UUPK,. Selain itu, hak-hak konsumen menjadi terjamin menurut ketentuan pasal tersebut. Pemerintah juga bertanggung jawab sesuai dengan Pasal 29 ayat (1) UUPK, yang pada intinya menerangkan bahwa pemerintah melakukan pembinaan untuk melakukan perlindungan terhadap konsumen. Peranan pemerintah sebagai Badan Pengawas Ketersedian Masker, melalui beberapa kebijakan, yaitu: Pertama, Pemerintah melakukan pembatasan ekspor masker berdasarkan aturan undang- undang melalui Peraturan Menteri Perdagangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 57 Tahun 2020 tentang Ketentuan Ekspor Bahan Baku Masker, Masker dan Alat Pelindung Diri, yaitu terdapat dalam Pasal 3 dan Pasal 7 ayat (1). Kedua, Pemerintah membatasi pembelian masker berlebihan (panic buying) agar mencegah terjadinya kelangkaan masker dan Ketiga, Memberikan sanksi terhadap oknum pelaku usaha makro melalui aturan KPPU berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat, khususnya pada ketentuan Pasal 5 peraturan perundang-undangan tersebut. Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Konsumen, Tanggung Jawab, Pelaku Usaha, Masker. / The government should guarantee health supplies for the community in accordance with Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health article 37, namely that the management of health supplies in the form of essential medicines and certain basic health equipment is carried out by taking into account benefits, prices and factors related to equity. Business actors are taking advantage of the Pandemi to cheat by trying to make as much profit as possible. Conditions likethis put people in a weak position because masks are the main need to prevent exposure to the Covid-19 virus. This condition is because people do not knowtheir rights as consumers. The government enacted Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Legal Protection to provide legal protection and certainty for the Indonesian people. The method in this study uses normative juridical methods, namely law in book research or literature studies with an approach through legislation (statute approach , and comparative approach. The problem formulation in this research is: (1) How is legal protection for consumers regarding hoarding masks during the Covid-19 Pandemi linked to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and (2) What is the government's role in monitoring efforts to protect consumers against hoarding masks? during the Covid-19 Pandemi. The type of research used in this research is juridical research namely law in book research or literature studies with an approach through legislation (statute approach) and comparative approach. Normative legal research uses secondary data, which consists of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. Legal protection for consumers for hoarding masks during the Covid-19 Pandemi based on Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection can be seen through the provisions of Article 3 UUPK. Apart from that, consumer rights are guaranteed according to the provisions of this article. The government is also responsible in accordance with Article 29 paragraph (1) UUPK, which essentially states that the government provides guidance to protect consumers. The government's role as a supervisory body for the availability of masks is through several policies, namely: First, the government places restrictions on the export of masks based on statutory regulations through Regulation of the Minister of Trade of the Republic of Indonesia Number 57 of 2020 concerning Provisions for the Export of Raw Materials for Masks, Masks and Personal Protective Equipment, namely contained in Article 3 and Article 7 paragraph (1). Second, the Government limits excessive purchases of masks (panic buying) to prevent scarcity of masks and Third, Provides sanctions against unscrupulous macro business actors through KPPU regulations based on Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning Prohibition of Monopoly Practices and Unfair Business Competition, especially in provisions Article 5 of these laws and regulations. Keywords: Consumer Protection, Responsibility of Law, Business Actors, Mask of Covid-19.

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