Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama dalam Perspektif Viktimologi dan Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 784/Pid/Pn Mdn Jo Putusan No 784/Pid/2018/Pt.Mdn Jo Putusan Ma Nomor 322k/Pid/2019)

Wahyuningtyas, Woro (2023) Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama dalam Perspektif Viktimologi dan Pembaharuan Hukum Pidana (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 784/Pid/Pn Mdn Jo Putusan No 784/Pid/2018/Pt.Mdn Jo Putusan Ma Nomor 322k/Pid/2019). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Tindak Pidana Penodaan Agama adalah sebuah tindak pidana ada dalam KUHP dan masih berlaku sampai saat imi di Indonesia. Penodaan agama sendiri secara Internasional tidak memiliki definisi dari hasil kesepakatan bersama. Di Indonesia, delik Penodaan Agama sudah banyak digunakan sejak Orde Lama dan menjerat warga negaranya sampai di tahun 2023. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan peninjauan pasal penodaan agama dalam KUHP dalam perspektif viktimologi terutama yang menimpa Meliana yang terdapat dalam putusan Pengadilan Negeri Medan Nomor 784/Pid/PN MDN serta mendapatkan perspektif baru mengenai delik penodaan agama terutama dalam hal pembaharuan hukum pidana di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah adalah kajian metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yang bertitik tolak pada penelitian analisis subtansi peraturan perundang-undangan, buku-buku, jurnal dan makalah serta yurisprudensi. Relevansi dalam penelitian ini fokus untuk mengetahui proses viktimisasi yang terjadi karena delik penodaan agama yang dialami oleh Meliana. Dengan mengetahui proses-proses viktimisasi pada kasus penodaan agama diharapkan agar negara melalui instrumennya bisa mencegah adanya viktimisasi kepada warga negaranya karena peraturan yang ada. Secara politik hukum pidana, proses pembaharuan hukum pidana pada delik terhadap agama sangat diperlukan dalam konteks Indonesia yang sangat beragam. Pembaharuan hukum pidana yang terlah berlangsung sejak awal kemerdekaan hampir tidak pernah memperhatikan delik penodaan agama yang memiliki sifat diskriminatif dan cenderung menjadi alat viktimisasi. Kebijakan politik hukum pidana mengenai delik keagamaan telah dilakukan namun diperlukan pedoman standart agar tidak terjadi penyalahgunaan kewenangan. Kata Kunci: Penodaan Agama, Viktimisasi, Kebijakan Kriminal. / The crime of blasphemy is a criminal offense contained in the Criminal Code which is still in effect in Indonesia. Internationally, religious blasphemy does not have a definition based on mutual agreement. In Indonesia, the offense of Blasphemy has been widely used since the Old Order and is still ensnaring its citizens until 2023. The aim of this research is to review the article on religious blasphemy in the Criminal Code from a victimology perspective, especially what happened to Meliana as contained in the Medan District Court decision Number 784 /Pid/PN MDN and gain a new perspective regarding the offense of blasphemy, especially in terms of criminal law reform in Indonesia. The research method used is the study of normative juridical research methods, which starts from research analyzing the substance of statutory regulations, books, journals and papers as well as jurisprudence. The relevance of this research is to focus on knowing the victimization process that occurred because of Meliana's religious blasphemy offense. By knowing the victimization processes in cases of religious blasphemy, the state, through its instruments, can prevent victimization of its citizens due to existing regulations. Politically, criminal law, the process of reforming criminal law on offenses against religion is very necessary in the very diverse context of Indonesia. The reform of criminal law that has been taking place since the beginning of independence has almost never paid attention to the offense of blasphemy of religion which has a discriminatory nature and tends to be a tool of victimization. The political policy of criminal law regarding religious offenses has been carried out but standard guidelines are needed so that there is no abuse of authority. Keywords: Blasphemy, Victimization, Meliana, Criminal Law

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