Problematika Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia

Otoluwa, Moch Rizal (2023) Problematika Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Illegal Fishing dalam Pembaruan Hukum Pidana di Indonesia. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara maritim besar di dunia, yang mana luas lautnya lebih besar daripada luas daratan dan memiliki kekayaan laut yang melimpah. Sudah seharusnya sumber daya hasil laut ini dimanfaatkan sebesar-besarnya untuk kesejahteraan dan kemakmuran rakyat Indonesia sebagaimana diamanatkan dalam Pasal 33 ayat 3 UUD 1945. Kegiatan illegal fishing (IUU fishing) atau pencurian ikan serta biota laut lainnya yang masih berlangsung sampai saat ini dilakukan secara terorganisir dan sistematis. Penegakan hukum yang dilakukan pemerintah untuk memberantas kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan menangkap nahkoda dan anak buah kapal, bahkan juga dengan peledakan dan penenggelaman kapal yang tertangkap pada waktu beroperasi yang tidak dilengkapi dengan perizinan yang seharusnya, belum memberikan efek jera. Hal ini terjadi karena penjatuhan hukuman pidana belum menyentuh pada pelaku sesungguhnya yaitu badan hukum atau korporasi dimana para awak kapal ikan tersebut bekerja atau dipekerjakan. (corporate criminal). Fenomena ini dijadikan latar belakang penelitian dengan mengkaji, menganalisa dan merumuskan menjadi dua rumusan masalah yaitu: apakah hukum positif di Indonesia telah mengatur tindak pidana illegal fishing secara komprehensif dan mendalam, dan bagaimana penegakan hukum terhadap tindak pidana illegal fishing terhadap korporasi sebagai subjek tindak pidana. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum yuridis normatif dengan metode analisis kualitatif, menggunakan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan dengan bahan hukum yaitu peraturan perundangan mengenai perikanan, teori-teori dan pendapat pakar hukum nasional maupun international serta informasi dari media massa dan internet. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa hukum positif yang ada saat ini belum mengatur tindak pidana illegal fishing secara komprehensif dan mendalam. Penegakan hukum tindak pidana illegal fishing terhadap korporasi (corporate criminal) sebagai subjek pelaku tindak pidana, tidak bisa dimintai pertanggungjawaban pidana. KUHP (WvS) ataupun UU khusus dibidang Perikanan yang masih berlaku saat ini, adalah pertanggungjawanan mutlak (strict liability). Pembaruan hukum pidana khususnya dibidang Perikanan dengan memasukkan ketentuan pertanggungjawaban pengganti (vicarious liability) terhadap pelaku tindak pidana yang sesungguhnya dan memperkuat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas penegakkan hukum dapat jadikan kesimpulan penelitian. / Indonesia is one of the large maritime countries in the world, where the sea area is larger than the land fields and has abundant marine resources. These marine resources should be utilized as much as possible for the welfare and prosperity of the Indonesian people as mandated in Article 33 paragraph 3 of the Constitution of UUD 1945. Illegal fishing (IUU fishing) or theft of fish and other marine biota is still ongoing today, carried out in an organized and systematic systems. Law enforcement carried out by the government to eradicate this activity by arresting ship captains and crew, even by exploding and sinking ships caught while operating without proper permits, has not provided a deterrent effect. This happens because the imposition of criminal penalties has not yet touched the real perpetrators, namely the legal entities or corporations where the fishing boat crews work or are employed (corporate criminal). This phenomenon is used as the background for research to study, analyze and formulate into two problem formulations, namely: whether positive law in Indonesia has regulated the crime of illegal fishing in a comprehensive and in-depth manner, and how to enforce the law against the crime of illegal fishing against corporations as the subject of criminal acts. Normative juridical legal research using qualitative analysis methods, using secondary data through literature studies with legal materials, namely laws and regulations regarding fisheries, theories and opinions of national and international legal experts as well as information from mass media and the internet. The conclusion is that positive law currently exists has not yet regulated the criminal act of illegal fishing in a comprehensive and in-depth manner. Law enforcement of the criminal act of illegal fishing against corporations (corporate criminals), as the subject of criminal acts, cannot be held criminally responsible. KUHP (WvS) or the special law in the field of fisheries which is still in force today, is absolute liability (strict liability). Reforming criminal law, especially in the fisheries sector, by including provisions for vicarious liability for actual perpetrators of criminal acts and strengthening the factors that influence the effectiveness of law enforcement can be used as research conclusions.

Item Type: Thesis (S2)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorPanggabean, Mompang LycurgusNIDN0304026301mompang.panggabean@uki.ac.id
Thesis advisorPandiangan, Hendri JayadiNIDN0302117904hendri.pandiangan@uki.ac.id
Subjects: LAW
Divisions: PROGRAM PASCASARJANA > Magister Ilmu Hukum
Depositing User: Users 4080 not found.
Date Deposited: 01 Dec 2023 05:09
Last Modified: 01 Dec 2023 05:09
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/13031

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