Implementasi Kebijakan Perpanjangan Sertifikat Kapal dalam Upaya Menunjang Proses Kegiatan Operasional Kapal di Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas IV Pangkal Balam

Dinata, Efran (2023) Implementasi Kebijakan Perpanjangan Sertifikat Kapal dalam Upaya Menunjang Proses Kegiatan Operasional Kapal di Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas IV Pangkal Balam. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PERPANJANGAN SERTIFIKAT KAPAL DALAM UPAYA MENUNJANG PROSES KEGIATAN OPERASIONAL KAPAL DI KANTOR KESYAHBANDARAN DAN OTORITAS PELABUHAN KELAS IV PANGKAL BALAM Implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat merupakan salah satu upaya Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas IV Pangkal Balam dalam memberikan jaminan keselamatan terhadap aktivitas pelayaran. Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran mewajibkan bagi setiap kapal untuk memiliki surat persetujuan berlayar yang dikeluarkan oleh Syahbandar. Pemberlakuan sertifikat kapal selaras dengan Peraturan Manajemen Keselamatan Internasional (ISM Code) dan Konvensi SOLAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan, menjelaskan dan menganalisa Implementasi Kebijakan Perpanjangan Sertifikat Kapal serta faktoripendukung dan penghambat yang mempengaruhinya. Teori yang digunakan ialah teori sistem hukum, penggunaan teori sistem hukum untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal dari unsur sistem hukum yaitu struktur hukum (structure of law), substansi hukum (substance of the law), dan budaya hukum (legal culture). Kemudian teori keadilan dipergunakan untuk mengetahui implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal dari perspektif keadilan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif menjelaskan peristiwa umum dan khusus yang terjadi melalui proses berpikir induktif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh ialah ditemukan faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang mempengaruhi implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal. Terdapat dua faktor pendukung yang terdiri dari faktor pendukung internal (adanya peraturan atau kebijakan, kualitas sumber daya manusia, tersedianya sarana dan prasaranan, serta dukungan dari pimpinan) dan faktor pendukung eksternal (sikap pemilik kapal dan kondisi ekonomi, sosial dan politik). Sedangkan faktor penghambat yang terjadi yaitu kuantitas sumber daya manusia yang kurang memadai dan didapati penggunaan sertifikat yang bersifat sementara. Selanjutnya implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal yang dilakukan sudah dilaksanakan sesuai dengan aturan yang ada dan dijalankan berdasarkan standart operasional prosedur yang berlaku. Kesimpulan penelitian perlunya upaya optimalisasi oleh Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas IV Pangkal Balam untuk meningkatkan implementasi kebijakan perpanjangan sertifikat kapal, dengan mempertimbangkan faktor-faktor yang telah diidentifikasi yang berdampak pada proses kegiatan operasional kapal. Kata Kunci: Implementasi, Sertifikat Kapal, Kantor Kesyahbandaran dan Otoritas Pelabuhan Kelas IV Pangkal Balam. / IMPLEMENTATION OF SHIP CERTIFICATE EXTENSION POLICY IN AN EFFORT TO SUPPORT THE PROCESS OF VESSEL OPERATIONAL ACTIVITIES AT THE CLASS IV PANGKAL BALAM PORT AUTHORITY AND PORT AUTHORITY OFFICE Implementation of the certificate extension policy is one of the efforts of the Harbormaster's Office and Class IV Pangkal Balam Port Authority to provide safety guarantees for shipping activities. Law Number 17 of 2008 concerning Shipping requires every ship to have a sailing approval letter issued by the Harbormaster. The application of ship certificates is in line with the International Safety Management Regulations (ISM Code) and the SOLAS Convention. This research aims to describe, explain and analyze the implementation of the Ship Certificate Extension Policy as well as the supporting and inhibiting factors that influence it. The theory used is legal system theory, the use of legal system theory to determine the implementation of the policy for extending ship certificates from the elements of the legal system, namely the structure of law, the substance of the law, and legal culture. Then the theory of justice is used to determine the implementation of the ship certificate extension policy from a justice perspective. The method used in this research is normative legal research. The research approaches used are a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. Using a qualitative descriptive analysis method to explain general and specific events that occur through an inductive thinking process. The research results obtained were that supporting and inhibiting factors were found that influenced the implementation of the ship certificate renewal policy. There are two supporting factors consisting of internal supporting factors (existence of regulations or policies, quality of human resources, availability of facilities and infrastructure, and support from leadership) and external supporting factors (the attitude of ship owners and economic, social and political conditions). Meanwhile, the inhibiting factors that occurred were the inadequate quantity of human resources and the use of temporary certificates. Furthermore, the implementation of the ship certificate extension policy has been carried out in accordance with existing regulations and carried out based on applicable standard operational procedures. The conclusion of the research is the need for optimization efforts by the Harbor Master's Office and the Class IV Pangkal Balam Port Authority to improve the implementation of ship certificate renewal policies, taking into account the factors that have been identified which have an impact on the process of ship operational activities. Key Word: Implementation, Ship Certificates, Harbor Master’s Office and Class IV Pangkal Balam Port Authority

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