Uji Sensitivitas dan Uji Spesifisitas Rapid Test Antigen dengan PCR pada Pasien COVID-19

Sitohang, Wira Elsaday (2023) Uji Sensitivitas dan Uji Spesifisitas Rapid Test Antigen dengan PCR pada Pasien COVID-19. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

COVID-19 yang menginfeksi saluran pernafasan akibat virus SARS CoV-2 telah menyebar diseluruh dunia dan ditetapkan sebagai pandemi pada tahun 2020. Hingga November 2021, SARS CoV-2 telah memiliki 5 Varian yaitu Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, dan Omicron. Varian Omicron memiliki 32 mutasi pada protein Spike, sehingga virus ini memiliki tingkat transmisi yang lebih cepat dibandingkan varian lain, lebih mudah menempel dengan reseptornya, serta mampu menghindar dari antibodi. Munculnya varian baru SARS CoV-2 dengan berbagai mutasi pada area Spike membuat masyarakat meragukan kemampuan RDT-Ag sebagai skrining dalam mendeteksi virus SARS CoV-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data demografi pasien di Laboratorium RSU UKI, dan mengetahui spesifisitas dan sensitivitas RDT-Ag dibandingkan dengan PCR dalam mendiagnosis COVID-19 di RSU UKI. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu studi observasional dengan menggunakan data rekam medik. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik total quota sampling. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 71. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan data demografi pasien COVID-19 yang paling banyak berusia 21-30 tahun (28,1%),dan menurut jenis kelamin yaitu wanita (60,6%). Tingkat Sensitivitas sebesar 82,2%, dan Spesifisitas sebesar 96,1%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini maka alat RDT-Ag yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini belum memenuhi persyaratan untuk mendeteksi adanya SARS CoV 2. Kata kunci: Sensitivitas, Spesifisitas, Antigen, COVID-19. / COVID-19 that infects the respiratory tract due to the SARS CoV-2 virus has spread around the world and was designated as a pandemic in 2020. As of November 2021, SARS CoV-2 has had 5 variants, namely Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron. The Omicron variant has 32 mutations in the Spike protein, so this virus has a faster transmission rate than other variants, is easier to stick to its receptors, and is able to avoid antibodies. The new variant of SARS CoV-2 with various mutations in the Spike area has made people doubt the ability of RDT-Ag as a screening in detecting the virus. This study's goal was to gather information on the patients' demographics at the Laboratorium RSU Universitas Kristen Indonesia, and to find out the specificity and sensitivity of RDT-Ag compared to PCR in diagnosing COVID-19 at RSU UKI . Medical record data are employed in an observational study as the research methodology. The total quota sampling technique was used for the sampling. The sample taken was 71. The findings revealed that the demographic information of COVID-19 patients was the most aged 21-30 years (28.1%), and by gender, namely women (60.6%). Sensitivity was 82.2%, and Specificity was 96.1%. According to the study's findings, the RDT-Ag technique employed in this investigation did not meet the criteria for detecting SARS CoV-2 Keywords: Sensitivity, Specificity, Antigen, COVID-19.

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