Efektivitas Penggunaan Obat Antihelmintik Secara Massal Terhadap Soil Transmitted Helminths di Indonesia Dengan Scooping Article

Imanuel, Rizki (2023) Efektivitas Penggunaan Obat Antihelmintik Secara Massal Terhadap Soil Transmitted Helminths di Indonesia Dengan Scooping Article. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Obat anti helmintik digunakan pada infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) untuk mengobati dan mencegah terjadinya infeksi berat yang mengakibatkan anemia dan gangguan tumbuh kembang anak. Pemberian obat anti helmintik dapat dilakukan secara berkala sebagai pencegahan terhadap infeksi maupun reinfeksi. Albendazole 400 mg dan Mebendazole 500 mg merupakan obat antihelmintik spektrum luas yang direkomendasikan World Health Organization (WHO) karena efektif, murah, mudah untuk diberikan, dan memiliki efek samping yang kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan antihelmintik secara massal di Indonesia untuk infeksi STH. Studi literatur ini merupakan artikel scoping yang memakai Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Tinjauan literatur ini dibuat melalui penelusuran artikel pada database Pubmed dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci "parasite infection" OR "worm infection" OR "helminth infection" AND “Soil Transmitted Helminth”. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa obat yang memiliki efektifitas tinggi dalam pengobatan massal anthihelmintik terhadap infeksi STH adalah Albendazole. Lama pemberian antihemintik yang efektif untuk pemberian obat secara massal terhadap infeksi STH adalah dalam dua minggu dengan sekaligus diadakannya evaluasi secara berkala. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini, mebendazole sebagai pengobatan lini pertama memiliki efektifvitas yang lebih baik. Sementara, albendazole dan mebendazole serta pirantel pamoat tetap memiliki efektivitas yang baik terhadap infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, dan cacing tambang dengan efektifitas 9% sampai 97%. Kata Kunci: parasite infection, worm infection, Soil Transmitted Helminth. / Anti-helminthic drugs are used in soil transmitted helminth (STH) infections to treat and prevent the occurrence of heavy infection that causes anemia and childhood developmental problems. Administration of anti-helminthic drugs could be given periodically as prevention towards infection or reinfection. Albendazole 400 mg and mebendazole 500mg are wide spectrum that are recomended bu the World Health Organization (WHO) because it is effective, affordable, easy to administer, and has minimal side effects. The purpose of this study is to understand the effectivity of mass anti-helminthic drug use in Indonesia for STH infections. This literature study (review) is an article scoping using the Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) (pake metode ga si?). This literature review is made by searching for articles in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases by using the keywords "parasite infection" OR "worm infection" OR "helminth infection" AND "soil transmitted helminth". The findings of this study find that the drug that has the highest effectivity in mass antihelminthic administration towards STH infections is albendazole. The duration of effective antihemintic administration for mass drug administration against STH infection is within 2 weeks, with periodic evaluations being held at the same time. The conclusion of this study is mebendazole has better effectivity as a first line drug, while albendazole and mebendazole as well as pyrantel pamoate still have good effectivity against Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichiuris trichiura, and hookworm infections with an effectivity between 9% to 97%. Keywords: parasite infection, worm infection, Soil Transmitted Helminth

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