Implikasi Belt And Road Initiative Tiongkok Terhadap Kedaulatan Ekonomi di Asia Tenggara: Studi Kasus Pembangunan Infrastruktur Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina

Bu'ulolo, Indah Septika Dwirahayu (2022) Implikasi Belt And Road Initiative Tiongkok Terhadap Kedaulatan Ekonomi di Asia Tenggara: Studi Kasus Pembangunan Infrastruktur Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hubungan Tiongkok dengan kawasan Asia Tenggara semakin meningkat dan harmonis melalui berbagai kerja sama yang terjalin. Pada tahun 2013, Tiongkok menggagas proyek Belt and Road Initiative yang dipromosikan dalam kawasan Asia Tenggara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implikasi Belt and Road Initiative terhadap hubungan ekonomi Tiongkok dengan kawasan Asia Tenggara yang berfokus pada Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina. Ini dianalisa menggunakan konsep kedaulatan ekonomi serta teori kekuasaan dan saling ketergantungan dari Robert O. Keohane dan Joseph Nye berbasis metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif berbentuk studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa Belt and Road Initiative membawa implikasi yang signifikan bagi perkembangan interdependensi ekonomi antara Tiongkok dengan Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina. Interdependensi ekonomi tersebut membuat Tiongkok tampil mendominasi ekonomi Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina, sementara ketiga negara mengalami pengurangan kedaulatan ekonomi di sektor-sektor jasa, ketenagakerjaan, manufaktur, infrastruktu dan modal. Ketiga negara tersebut merespon secara kritis melalui strategi hedging untuk melindungi kontrol atas kedaulatan ekonominya, baik dalam hal kepemilikan sumber daya ekonomi, kestabilan finansial dan kewenangan. Oleh sebab itu direkomendasikan bagi pemerintah Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina agar memberikan target pencapaian untuk setiap proyek infrastruktur yang disepakati melalui kerja sama ini dalam beberapa tahun mendatang serta perlu diadakannya pembaruan kebijakan antara Tiongkok dengan Indonesia, Malaysia dan Filipina dalam periode waktu tertentu dengan menyesuaikan pada kepentingan dan kebutuhan masing-masing negara. Kata Kunci: Asia Tenggara, BRI, Tiongkok, Interdependensi, Kedaulatan Ekonomi./ China's relations with the Southeast Asian region are increasingly improving and harmonious through various cooperations that have been established. In 2013, China initiated the Belt and Road Initiative project which was promoted in the Southeast Asia region. This study aims to describe the implications of the Belt and Road Initiative on China's economic relations with Southeast Asia, focusing on Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. It is analyzed using the concept of economic sovereignty and the theory of power and interdependence from Robert O. Keohane and Joseph Nye based on descriptive qualitative research methods in the form of case studies. The results of the study found that the Belt and Road Initiative has significant implications for the development of economic interdependence between China and Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines. This economic interdependence makes China appear to dominate the economies of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines, while the three countries experience a reduction in economic sovereignty in the service, employment, manufacturing, infrastructure and capital sectors. The three countries responded critically through hedging strategies to protect control over their economic sovereignty, both in terms of ownership of economic resources, financial stability and authority. Therefore, it is recommended for the governments of Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines to provide achievement targets for each infrastructure project agreed through this cooperation in the next few years and it is necessary to carry out policy reforms between China and Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines within a certain period of time by adjusting to the interests and the needs of each country. Keywords: Southeast Asia, BRI, China, Interdependence, Economic Sovereignty

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