Dampak Rivalitas Strategi Free and Open Indo-Pacific Amerika Versus Belt and Road Initiative Tiongkok dalam Perebutan Pengaruh Geopolitik di Kawasan Asia Pacific

Melianti, Lecya Gaby (2022) Dampak Rivalitas Strategi Free and Open Indo-Pacific Amerika Versus Belt and Road Initiative Tiongkok dalam Perebutan Pengaruh Geopolitik di Kawasan Asia Pacific. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Mega proyek Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) yang digagas oleh pemeritahan Xi Jinping pada tahun 2013 merupakan inisiatif ambisius yang pernah digagas oleh suatu negara di era kontemporer ini. BRI terdiri dari dua komponen Maritime Silk Road dan Silk Road Economic Belt yang bertujuan mendukung pembangunan infrastruktur di berbagai negara kawasan. Akan tetapi insiatif ini menuai pro dan kontra khususnya bagi AS karena inisiatif tersebut dianggap sebagai upaya melawan dominasi global AS. Kemudian AS menggagas Free and Open Indo-Pacific guna melawan strategi Tiongkok. Penelitian ini akan membahas bagaimana dampak rivalitas yang terjadi antara AS-Tiongkok dalam perebutan pengaruh geopolitik dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data primer dan sekunder serta teori geopolitik klasik sebagai alat analisa peneliti. Persaingan strategis antara AS dan Tiongkok telah memaksa dunia internasional untuk menyaksikan konflik kepentingan yang terus berkelanjutan dari berbagai aspek tidak terkecuali maritimnya. AS dalam membendung Tiongkok, dalam konteks platform Quad yang memainkan fungsi layaknya sebagai bentuk aliansi baru di Asia yang menopang bagi kepentingan AS di kawasan Asia Pasifik dengan menempatkan India sebagai representasi kekuatan dominan di Samudera Hindia sekaligus proxy atas kepentingan AS di kawasan. Maka dalam konteks dampak rivalitas strategi AS dengan Tiongkok diharapkan AS dapat memposisikan dirinya sebagai Negara yang dapat menyelesaikan konflik dengan mengedepankan dialog dan kepentingan bersama tanpa meniadakan kehadiran Tiongkok di percaturan Internasional./ The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) mega project initiated by Xi Jinping's government in 2013 is an ambitious initiative that has been initiated by a country in this contemporary era. BRI consists of two components of the Maritime Silk Road and the Silk Road Economic Belt which aims to support infrastructure development in various regional countries. However, this initiative reaps pros and cons, especially for the US because the initiative is considered an effort to counter US global dominance. Then the US initiated the Free and Open Indo-Pacific to counter China's strategy. This study will discuss the impact of the rivalry that occurs between the US and China in the struggle for geopolitical influence by using qualitative research methods with primary and secondary data collection techniques and classical geopolitical theory as a researcher's analysis tool. The strategic competition between the US and China has forced the international world to witness ongoing conflicts of interest from various aspects, including maritime. The US in containing China, in the context of the Quad platform, which plays a function like a new alliance in Asia that sustains US interests in the Asia Pacific region by placing India as a representation of the dominant power in the Indian Ocean as well as a proxy for US interests in the region. So in the context of the impact of the rivalry of the US strategy with China, it is hoped that the US can position itself as a State that can resolve the conflict by promoting dialogue and common interests without negating China's presence in the International arena.

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