Kegawatdaruratan Airway Breathing dengan Optimalisasi Kebutuhan Oksigen Pada Pasien Asma Bronkhial Di IGD RS TK.II Moh.Ridwan Meuraksa Jakarta

Harianja, Rotua Meliana (2022) Kegawatdaruratan Airway Breathing dengan Optimalisasi Kebutuhan Oksigen Pada Pasien Asma Bronkhial Di IGD RS TK.II Moh.Ridwan Meuraksa Jakarta. D3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Kegawatdaruratan pada Asma Bronkhial merupakan suatu keadaan obstruksi jalan napas yang menyebabkan kadar oksigen dalam tubuh mengalami penurunan sehingga terjadinya dispnea dengan suara napas tambahan wheezing atau mengi disertai dengan batuk berdahak konsistensi kental yang tertahan sehingga jalan napas dan pola napas tidak efektif. Tujuan : Melaksanakan proses asuhan keperawatan gawatdarurat terkhususnya tindakan primary survey airway breathing pada pasien Asma Bronkhial dengan optimalisasi kebutuhan oksigen sehingga dispnea berkurang, saturasi oksigen >95%, produksi sputum menurun, suara napas tambahan wheezing menurun, penggunaan otot bantu pernapasan menurun, frekuensi dan pola napas membaik (16-20 x/menit). Metode : Metode studi kasus pendekatan deskriptif dengan sampel dua pasien menggunakan proses asuhan keperawatan, tindakan kolaborasi pemberian oksigen nasal canul 3 liter/menit dan terapi nebulizer. Tindakan mandiri keperawatan dengan memonitor frekuensi pernapasan, pola napas, saturasi oksigen dan pemberian posisi semi fowler, serta mengajarkan teknik batuk efektif dan memberikan minum air hangat. Tindakan mandiri keperawatan untuk mengatasi ansietas pasien memberikan dukungan psikologis dengan mendengarkan penuh perhatian, mengajarkan teknik relakasi, dan menganjurkan keluarga untuk senantiasa memberikan dukungan dan menemani pasien selama berada di IGD. Hasil : Sesak napas pada kedua pasien berkurang, sputum dapat dikeluarkan dengan konsistensi encer berwarna putih, frekuensi pernapasan membaik dan saturasi oksigen meningkat, pasien 1 frekuensi pernapasan 24 x/menit dan saturasi oksigen 99%, pasien 2 frekuensi pernapasan 22 x/menit dan saturasi oksigen 98%, penggunaan otot bantu pernapasan berkurang, serta pasien tampak lebih rileks. Kesimpulan : Pentingnya peran perawat di instalasi gawat darurat dalam memberikan pelayanan yang cepat, sigap, tanggap untuk mengatasi masalah airway dan breathing dengan tindakan pemenuhan oksigen pada pasien Asma Bronkhial. Dalam mengimplementasikan asuhan keperawatan, perawat perlu bersikap caring untuk mengatasi ansietas yang dialami pasien dan keluarga. Kata kunci : Kegawatdaruratan, Airway, Breathing, Asma Bronkhial, Caring./ Emergency in Bronchial Asthma is a state of airway obstruction that causes oxygen levels in the body to decrease so that the occurrence of dyspnea with additional breathing sounds wheezing or wheezing accompanied by coughing with phlegm of thick consistency that is restrained so that the airway and breath patterns are ineffective. Objective: Carry out the emergency nursing care process, especially primary survey airway breathing in patient with Bronchial Asthma by optimizing oxygen demand so that dyspnea is reduced, optimization of oxygen fulfillment so that dyspnea is reduced, oxygen saturation >95%, sputum production decreases, additional breathing sound wheezing decreases, use of respiratory muscles decreases, frequency and breathing patterns improve (16-20 x / min). Method: Case study method descriptive approach with a sample of two patients using the nursing care process, collaborative action of administering nasal canul oxygen 3 liters / minute and nebulizer therapy. Nursing self-paced measures by monitoring breathing frequency, breathing patterns, oxygen saturation and the provision of semi-fowler positions, as well as teaching effective cough techniques and providing warm water drinking. Independent nursing actions to overcome patient anxiety provide psychological support by listening attentively, teaching relacation techniques, and encouraging families to always provide support and accompany patients while in the emergency room. Results: Shortness of breath in both patients is reduced, sputum can be excreted with a white diluted consistency, breathing frequency improves and oxygen saturation increases, patient 1 respiratory frequency 24 x / min and oxygen saturation 99%, patient 2 respiratory frequency 22 x / min and oxygen saturation 98%, the use of respiratory muscles decreases, and the patient appears more relaxed. Conclusion: The importance of the role of nurses in emergency installations in providing fast, swift, responsive services to overcome airway and breathing problems with oxygen fulfillment measures in Bronchhial Asthma patients. In implementing nursing care, nurses need to be caring to overcome the anxiety experienced by patients and families. Keywords : Emergency, Airway, Breathing, Bronchial Asthma, Caring

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