Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Artificial Age Terhadap Struktur Kristal, Densitas Dan Kekerasan Paduan Alumunium (6061) Untuk Bahan Sirip Roket

Alfath, Shena (2020) Analisis Pengaruh Waktu Artificial Age Terhadap Struktur Kristal, Densitas Dan Kekerasan Paduan Alumunium (6061) Untuk Bahan Sirip Roket. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Paduan AL6061 yang mempunyai sifat ringan, mudah dibentuk, tahan karat, serta konduktifitas termal yang baik namun memiliki kelemahan yaitu kekuatannya . Untuk memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan fin roket yaitu proses pemanasan T6. Proses pemanasan T6 dimulai dengan pemanasan solid solution pada suhu diatas 500°C yang kemudian ditahan selama 1 jam, kemudian dilakukan pendingan cepat dengan media air, proses penuaan buatan (artificial aging) variasi waktu 45, 90, 180 menit pada suhu 200°C. Uji kekerasan dengan skala Vickers, menunjukan bahwa paduan Al 6061 tanpa perlakuan panas memberikan angka kekerasan sebesar 50,30 HV. Sampel uji Al 6061 yang mengalami perlakuan panas memberikan nilai kekerasan tertinggi sebesar 65,1 HV diperoleh pada kombinasi temperatur aging 200°C waktu aging 180 menit, (kenaikan nilai kekerasan sebesar 29,42%). Pengujian struktur kristal dengan menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), menunjukkan matriks Al yang dominan terlihat pada sampel uji AL6061 tanpa perlakuan panas, sedangkan pada sampel uji AL6061, dengan proses T6 menghasilkan fasa Mg2Si yang berfungsi mengeraskan paduan. Ukuran kristal, kerapatan dislokasi, dan regangan kisi kristal dengan menggunakan konsep X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), menunjukkan menurunnya ukuran kristal dan kerapatan dislokasi pada 45 menit dan 90 menit, sedangkan pada 180 menit ukuran kristal dan kerapatan dislokasi mengalami kenaikan. Disertai dengan regangan kisi yang mengalami kenaikan, dan mencapai nilai tertinggi. Kata kunci: Paduan AL6061, artificial aging, quenching, solution treatment, kekerasan, Vickers, struktur kristal, ukuran kristal, kerapatan dislokasi, regangan kisi./ AL6061 alloy has properties light weight, easy to form, rust resistance, and good thermal conductivity but has a weakness is the strength. To qualify as a rocket fin material that is the T6 heating process. The heating process of T6 begins with heating the solid solution at a temperature above 500 ° C then held for 1 hour, then fast cooling with water media, the artificial aging process is carried out with variations in time of 45, 90, 180 minutes at 200 ° C. The hardness test with the Vickers scale, shows that the Al 6061 alloy without heat treatment gives a hardness number of 50.30 HV. The Al 6061 test sample which underwent heat treatment gave the highest hardness value of 65.1 HV obtained at a combination of 200 ° C aging temperature, 180 minutes aging time, (the increase in hardness value was 29.42%). The crystal structure test using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows that the dominant Al matrix is seen in the AL6061 test sample without heat treatment, while the AL6061 test sample, with the T6 process, produces the Mg2Si phase which functions to harden the alloy. Crystal size, dislocation density, and crystal lattice strain using the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) concept showed a decrease in crystal size and dislocation density at 45 minutes and 90 minutes, while at 180 minutes the crystal size and dislocation density increased. Accompanied by the lattice strain that has increased, and reaches the highest value. Keywords: Al-6061 alloys, artificial aging, T6, hardness, Vickers, crystal structure, crystal size, dislocation density, lattice strain.

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