Pengembangan dan Evaluasi Kinerja Sistem PLTS Atap Skema Zero capex di PT ATMI Duta Engineering Menggunakan Pendekatan ADDIE: Analisis Teknis dan Tekno Ekonomi

Suryadi, Fransiskus Xaverius (2026) Pengembangan dan Evaluasi Kinerja Sistem PLTS Atap Skema Zero capex di PT ATMI Duta Engineering Menggunakan Pendekatan ADDIE: Analisis Teknis dan Tekno Ekonomi. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pemanfaatan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) atap dengan skema zero capex semakin luas diadopsi sebagai solusi penyediaan energi bersih tanpa kebutuhan investasi awal. Kesenjangan antara performa aktual dan proyeksi vendor masih jarang dikaji secara empiris, khususnya pada bangunan industri di wilayah tropis Indonesia yang memiliki variabilitas iradiasi tinggi dan kondisi operasional yang beragam. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab deviasi performa sistem PLTS berkapasitas 41,8 kWp di PT ATMI Duta Engineering (PT ADE) serta mengevaluasi kelayakan teknis dan keekonomiannya selama 12 bulan pertama operasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan evaluatif dengan kerangka ADDIE, meliputi analisis kebutuhan, perancangan alat evaluasi, pengembangan model perhitungan, implementasi pemantauan data melalui Huawei FusionSolar, serta evaluasi kinerja dengan parameter specific yield (Yf), reference yield (Yr), performance ratio (PR), dan capacity utilization factor (CUF). Simulasi baseline dilakukan menggunakan PVsyst, sedangkan validasi parameter teknis mengacu pada IEC 61724. Aspek keekonomian dianalisis melalui perhitungan NPV, IRR, Profitability Index (PI), dan Discounted Payback Period (DPP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi energi aktual sebesar 50.219,69 kWh atau 14,5% lebih rendah dari proyeksi vendor. Nilai PR aktual mencapai 68,5% di bawah nilai simulasi 79% sedangkan CUF aktual sebesar 13,3% tidak memenuhi estimasi 16-18%. Penurunan kinerja dipengaruhi oleh variabilitas iradiasi, kenaikan suhu modul, soiling loss, serta fluktuasi efisiensi inverter. Penghematan biaya listrik tercatat Rp 9.882.171,00 per tahun 14,5% lebih rendah dari estimasi, meskipun proyek tetap layak dari sisi vendor dengan NPV positif sebesar Rp 152.568.763 dan IRR 10,39%. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa deviasi performa sistem PLTS zero capex perlu diantisipasi melalui evaluasi teknis berbasis data aktual. Kerangka ADDIE terbukti efektif untuk menghasilkan analisis terstruktur dan dapat direplikasi pada proyek serupa. Kata kunci: PLTS atap, zero capex, performa sistem, IEC 61724, ADDIE, analisis teknoekonomi. / The utilization of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems under a zero-capex scheme has been increasingly adopted as a solution for clean energy provision without upfront investment. However, the gap between actual system performance and vendor projections remains insufficiently explored empirically, particularly in industrial buildings located in Indonesia’s tropical region, which is characterized by high solar irradiance variability and diverse operational conditions. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to performance deviations of a 41.8 kWp rooftop PV system installed at PT ATMI Duta Engineering (PT ADE) and to evaluate its technical and economic feasibility during the first 12 months of operation. An evaluative research approach based on the ADDIE framework was employed, encompassing needs analysis, evaluation tool design, development of calculation models, implementation of data monitoring through the Huawei FusionSolar platform, and performance evaluation using key indicators, namely specific yield (Yf), reference yield (Yr), performance ratio (PR), and capacity utilization factor (CUF). Baseline simulations were conducted using PVsyst, while technical parameter validation referred to IEC 61724 standards. The economic assessment was performed using Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Profitability Index (PI), and Discounted Payback Period (DPP). The results indicate that the actual annual energy production reached 50,219.69 kWh, which is 14.5% lower than the vendor’s projected value. The observed performance ratio was 68.5%, significantly below the simulated value of 79%, while the actual CUF of 13.3% did not meet the estimated range of 16–18%. Performance degradation was mainly influenced by irradiance variability, elevated module temperatures, soiling losses, and fluctuations in inverter efficiency. Annual electricity cost savings amounted to IDR 9,882,171, approximately 14.5% lower than the estimated value. Nevertheless, from the vendor’s perspective, the project remains economically viable, as indicated by a positive NPV of IDR 152,568,763 and an IRR of 10.39%. This study concludes that performance deviations in zero-capex rooftop PV systems must be anticipated through data-driven technical evaluations based on actual operational performance. The ADDIE framework is proven to be effective in delivering a structured and replicable analytical approach for similar PV projects. Keywords: rooftop photovoltaic system, zero capex, system performance, IEC 61724, ADDIE, techno-economic analysis.

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