PENATAAN RUANG TERBUKA ECO-FRIENDLY MELALUI SISTEM PENCEGAHAN BANJIR DI PERUMAHAN DOSEN IKIP JATIKRAMAT BEKASI

Ndruru, Fonahia (2026) PENATAAN RUANG TERBUKA ECO-FRIENDLY MELALUI SISTEM PENCEGAHAN BANJIR DI PERUMAHAN DOSEN IKIP JATIKRAMAT BEKASI. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Permasalahan banjir di kawasan permukiman perkotaan umumnya disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan antara pembangunan fisik dan daya dukung lingkungan. Kondisi tersebut juga terjadi di Perumahan Dosen IKIP Jatikramat Bekasi yang berada pada dataran rendah dan wilayah cekungan, sehingga mengalami banjir secara berulang. Banjir dipicu oleh keterbatasan ruang terbuka hijau, sistem drainase yang belum berfungsi optimal, serta kapasitas sistem polder yang belum efektif dalam mengendalikan limpasan air hujan. Situasi ini mencerminkan belum terwujudnya sistem pencegahan banjir yang terintegrasi dan berkelanjutan. Dalam pendekatan ekologis, ruang terbuka hijau diposisikan sebagai infrastruktur ekologis yang mendukung fungsi resapan air, sistem drainase hijau berkelanjutan berfungsi mengalirkan dan mengelola kelebihan air hujan, sedangkan sistem polder berperan mengatur dan mengendalikan tinggi muka air pada kawasan permukiman dataran rendah. Ketiga komponen tersebut perlu diintegrasikan melalui prinsip arsitektur dan perencanaan lingkungan yang eco-friendly guna mewujudkan permukiman ekologis yang adaptif, bebas banjir, dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh ruang terbuka hijau, sistem drainase, dan sistem polder terhadap pencegahan banjir, baik secara parsial maupun simultan, serta merumuskan konsep permukiman ekologis bebas banjir melalui pendekatan integrasi berbasis eco-friendly di Perumahan Dosen IKIP Jatikramat Bekasi. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain kausal. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapangan, kuesioner (skala Likert 1– 5) terhadap 171 responden, dan dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji validitas, reliabilitas, regresi linear berganda, korelasi, uji T, uji F, dan koefisien determinasi menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ruang terbuka hijau nilai rata- rata keseluruhan (mean 4,20), sistem drainase nilai rata-rata keseluruhan (mean 4,47), dan sistem polder nilai rata-rata keseluruhan (mean 4,50) dinilai oleh responden belum optimal dalam pencegahan banjir. Penataan dilakukan melalui pengembangan taman resapan lingkungan, jalur hijau drainase, optimalisasi pekarangan rumah, penerapan drainase ramah lingkungan, serta integrasi fungsi ekologis pada sistem polder sebagai pengendali banjir hilir. Integrasi ketiga elemen tersebut menghasilkan pola pengendalian banjir berjenjang dari skala rumah, lingkungan, hingga kawasan, yang mampu meningkatkan efektivitas pencegahan banjir sekaligus memperbaiki kualitas lingkungan permukiman. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penataan ruang terbuka eco-friendly yang terintegrasi dengan sistem drainase dan polder merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan dalam pengendalian banjir di kawasan permukiman dataran rendah, serta dapat dijadikan model perencanaan lingkungan permukiman yang adaptif terhadap risiko banjir di wilayah perkotaan./Flooding in urban residential areas is generally caused by an imbalance between physical development and environmental carrying capacity. This condition also occurs in the IKIP Jatikramat Bekasi Lecturers' Housing Complex, which is located in a low-lying basin area, resulting in repeated flooding. Flooding is triggered by limited green open spaces, drainage systems that are not yet functioning optimally, and polder systems that are not yet effective in controlling rainwater runoff. This situation reflects the lack of an integrated and sustainable flood prevention system. In an ecological approach, green open spaces are positioned as ecological infrastructure that supports water absorption functions, while sustainable green drainage systems function to drain and manage excess rainwater, and polder systems play a role in regulating and controlling water levels in low-lying residential areas. These three components need to be integrated through eco-friendly architectural and environmental planning principles to create adaptive, flood-free, and sustainable ecological settlements. This study aims to analyze the effect of green open spaces, drainage systems, and polder systems on flood prevention, both partially and simultaneously, and to formulate the concept of flood-free ecological settlements through an eco-friendly integration approach in the IKIP Jatikramat Bekasi Lecturers' Housing Complex. The research uses a quantitative approach with a causal design. Data were collected through field observations, questionnaires (Likert scale 1–5) of 171 respondents, and documentation. Data analysis was performed using validity and reliability tests, multiple linear regression, correlation, T-test, F-test, and coefficient of determination using SPSS. The results showed that the overall average score for green open space (mean 4.20), the overall average score for the drainage system (mean 4.47), and the overall average score for the polder system (mean 4.50) were considered by respondents to be suboptimal in flood prevention. The arrangement was carried out through the development of environmental infiltration parks, green drainage channels, optimization of home yards, implementation of environmentally friendly drainage, and integration of ecological functions in the polder system as a downstream flood control. The integration of these three elements resulted in a tiered flood control pattern from the household, neighborhood, to regional scales, which was able to increase the effectiveness of flood prevention while improving the quality of the residential environment. This study concludes that eco-friendly open space planning integrated with drainage and polder systems is an effective and sustainable approach to flood control in low-lying residential areas and can be used as a model for adaptive residential environmental planning in urban areas prone to flood risks.

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