Optimasi Desain Propeller Terhadap Gaya Dorong Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD)

Rajagukguk, Ivan Julius (2025) Optimasi Desain Propeller Terhadap Gaya Dorong Menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Indonesia sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia memiliki wilayah perairan yang sangat luas, menjadikan transportasi air sebagai komponen penting dalam mendukung aktivitas ekonomi, logistik, dan pertanian. Dalam konteks ini, perahu kecil yang beroperasi di sungai, danau, dan wilayah pesisir sangat bergantung pada sistem propulsi yang efisien untuk menjamin performa optimal serta efisiensi penggunaan energi. Propeller atau baling-baling merupakan komponen utama yang berperan langsung dalam menghasilkan gaya dorong yang mendorong kapal untuk bergerak. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan desain propeller guna meningkatkan gaya dorong dengan efisiensi tinggi, menggunakan metode Taguchi berbasis Orthogonal Array dan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) dengan bantuan perangkat lunak ANSYS Fluent. Penelitian ini memvariasikan empat parameter utama: sudut serang (45°, 50°, 55°), jumlah bilah (3, 4, 5), diameter propeller (20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm), dan kecepatan putaran (500, 600, 700 RPM). Total sembilan kombinasi desain diuji dengan simulasi Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) menggunakan profil airfoil NACA 2424. Fluida yang digunakan dalam simulasi adalah air dalam bentuk cair untuk merepresentasikan kondisi operasional nyata. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi parameter yang paling optimal adalah sudut serang 55°, jumlah bilah 5, diameter 20 cm, dan kecepatan 600 RPM, menghasilkan gaya dorong tertinggi sebesar 61,7 N (setara 6,29 kg) dan koefisien gaya dorong maksimum 0,000107. Temuan penting dalam penelitian ini adalah bahwa diameter atau area permukaan yang lebih besar tidak selalu menghasilkan gaya dorong yang lebih tinggi. Kinerja propeller justru lebih ditentukan oleh sinergi antarparameter daripada satu parameter tunggal. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa metode CFD sangat efektif dan ekonomis dalam menganalisis performa propeller. Hasilnya diharapkan menjadi referensi bagi pengembangan transportasi air berbasis energi terbarukan seperti perahu tenaga surya yang efisien dan ramah lingkungan. Kata kunci: Propeller, Gaya Dorong, CFD, Metode Taguchi, Orthogonal Array, ANSYS / Indonesia, as the world’s largest archipelagic nation, possesses vast maritime territories, making water transportation a crucial element in supporting economic, logistical, and agricultural activities. In this context, small boats operating in rivers, lakes, and coastal areas rely heavily on efficient propulsion systems to ensure optimal performance and energy efficiency. The propeller is a key component that directly contributes to the generation of thrust to move the vessel. Therefore, this study aims to optimize propeller design to increase thrust performance using the Taguchi method based on an Orthogonal Array and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations with ANSYS Fluent software. This research investigates four main design parameters: angle of attack (45°, 50°, 55°), number of blades (3, 4, 5), propeller diameter (20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm), and rotation speed (500, 600, 700 RPM). A total of nine design combinations were analyzed through CFD simulation using the NACA 2424 airfoil profile. The working fluid used is liquid water, which accurately represents the real operating environment. Simulation results revealed that the most optimal configuration is a 55° angle of attack, five blades, 20 cm diameter, and 600 RPM rotation speed, producing the highest thrust of 61.7 N (equivalent to 6.29 kg) and the maximum thrust coefficient of 0.000107. A key finding from this study is that larger diameter or surface area does not necessarily result in higher thrust. Instead, performance is more significantly influenced by the interaction among multiple design parameters. This study confirms that CFD is an efficient and cost-effective tool for propeller performance analysis. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for the development of renewable energy-based watercrafts, such as solar-powered boats, that are both efficient and environmentally friendly. Keywords: Propeller, Thrust, CFD, Taguchi Method, Orthogonal Array, ANSYS

Item Type: Thesis (S1)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorYuda, Sesmaro MaxNIDN0323036703sesmaro.bertu@yahoo.co.id
Thesis advisorPane, MedyawantiNIDN0301119202medyawanti.pane@uki.ac.id
Subjects: TECHNOLOGY > Mechanical engineering and machinery
TECHNOLOGY > Mechanical engineering and machinery > Machine design and drawing
TECHNOLOGY > Mechanical engineering and machinery > Turbines. Turbomachines (General)
TECHNOLOGY > Mechanical engineering and machinery > Renewable energy sources
Divisions: FAKULTAS TEKNIK > Teknik Mesin
Depositing User: Mr Ivan Julius Rajagukguk
Date Deposited: 21 Jan 2026 01:17
Last Modified: 21 Jan 2026 01:17
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/21433

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