Tinjauan Yuridis Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Terhadap Tatanan Politik di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Putusan Nomor 90/puu-xxi/2023) = Legal Review of the Influence of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia on the Political Order in Indonesia (Case Study: Decision Number 90/puu-xxi/2023)

Rumawan, Taufan (2025) Tinjauan Yuridis Pengaruh Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Republik Indonesia Terhadap Tatanan Politik di Indonesia (Studi Kasus: Putusan Nomor 90/puu-xxi/2023) = Legal Review of the Influence of the Decision of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia on the Political Order in Indonesia (Case Study: Decision Number 90/puu-xxi/2023). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Pengaturan hukum terkait pemilihan Presiden dan Wakil Presiden merupakan aspek fundamental dalam sistem demokrasi Indonesia. Namun, Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi (MK) Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 memicu kontroversi yang luas, terutama terkait dugaan politisasi peradilan dan menurunnya kredibilitas MK sebagai penjaga konstitusi. Putusan ini dinilai mengandung berbagai kejanggalan hukum dan berpotensi memberikan dampak signifikan terhadap tatanan politik nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) pertimbangan hukum dalam putusan tersebut dengan mengkaji kesesuaiannya terhadap norma hukum yang berlaku, serta (2) dampaknya terhadap stabilitas politik dan sistem ketatanegaraan Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Data yang digunakan bersumber dari studi kepustakaan, termasuk analisis terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan MK, dan literatur akademik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa putusan MK Nomor 90/PUU-XXI/2023 mengandung berbagai kejanggalan, termasuk penerapan konsep open legal policy yang tidak memenuhi kriteria hukum, ketidaksesuaian dengan prinsip legislasi, serta dugaan ketidaksungguhan pemohon yang mencederai integritas lembaga peradilan. Selain itu, putusan ini berpotensi memperburuk hubungan antara MK dan legislatif, menciptakan preseden hukum yang mengaburkan batas kewenangan antar-lembaga, serta mengancam kepercayaan publik terhadap independensi MK. Sebagai solusi, diperlukan reformasi kelembagaan yang memastikan independensi dan kredibilitas MK tetap terjaga. MK perlu memperhatikan aspirasi publik serta melakukan evaluasi internal guna menghindari keputusan yang berpotensi menimbulkan ketidakpercayaan terhadap institusi peradilan. Selain itu, legislatif dan pemerintah disarankan untuk menunda implementasi putusan ini dalam Pemilu 2024 guna mencegah instabilitas politik dan potensi penyalahgunaan hukum untuk kepentingan tertentu. Sebagai langkah mitigasi, revisi regulasi dan pengawasan yang lebih ketat diperlukan agar putusan MK tidak dijadikan alat politik yang dapat merusak sistem demokrasi dan supremasi hukum di Indonesia. / Legal regulations related to the election of the President and Vice President are a fundamental aspect of Indonesia's democratic system. However, the Constitutional Court (MK) Decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 has sparked widespread controversy, especially regarding allegations of politicization of the judiciary and the declining credibility of the MK as the guardian of the constitution. This decision is considered to contain various legal irregularities and has the potential to have a significant impact on the national political order. This study aims to analyze: (1) the legal considerations in the decision by examining its conformity with applicable legal norms, and (2) its impact on political stability and the Indonesian state system. This study uses a normative legal method with a statutory and conceptual approach. The data used are sourced from literature studies, including analysis of laws and regulations, MK decisions, and academic literature. The results of the study show that the MK decision Number 90/PUU-XXI/2023 contains various irregularities, including the application of the open legal policy concept that does not meet legal criteria, inconsistency with legislative principles, and alleged insincerity of the applicant which harms the integrity of the judicial institution. In addition, this decision has the potential to worsen the relationship between the Constitutional Court and the legislature, create a legal precedent that blurs the boundaries of authority between institutions, and threaten public trust in the independence of the Constitutional Court. As a solution, institutional reform is needed to ensure that the independence and credibility of the Constitutional Court are maintained. The Constitutional Court needs to pay attention to public aspirations and conduct internal evaluations to avoid decisions that have the potential to cause distrust of the judicial institution. In addition, the legislature and government are advised to postpone the implementation of this decision in the 2024 Election to prevent political instability and potential abuse of the law for certain interests. As a mitigation measure, regulatory revisions and stricter supervision are needed so that the Constitutional Court's decision is not used as a political tool that can damage the democratic system and the rule of law in Indonesia.

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