Kontrak Pembinaan Pemain Sepakbola di Bawah Umur Ditinjau dari Hukum Perdata

Safitri, Shinta (2025) Kontrak Pembinaan Pemain Sepakbola di Bawah Umur Ditinjau dari Hukum Perdata. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Olahraga sepakbola sangat populer dan banyak diminati, dengan klub-klub professional merekrut pemain muda sejak dini. Namun, kontrak pemain sepak bola di bawah umur sering kali menimbulkan kontroversi, terutama terkait dengan potensi eksploitasi dan perlindungan hak-hak anak. Menurut hukum perjanjian di Indonesia, kontrak pemain dalam ikatan pembinaan harus memenuhi syarat sah sebagaimana tercantum dalam Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata. Dan pemain sepakbola di bawah umur 21 tahun belum menikah tidak dapat dikatakan dewasa dan cakap untuk membuat perjanjian sesuai pasal 330 dan 1330 KUHPer. Rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini adalah apakah kontrak pembinaan yang dibuat oleh pemain di bawah umur dengan klub sepakbola sah menurut hukum perjanjian dan bagaimana akibat hukum dari kontrak pembinaan yang di tanda tangani pemain sepakbola di bawah umur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif dengan penelitian undang-undang atau statute approach dan pendekatan konseptual atau conceptual approach. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer: Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata, sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder diperoleh dari buku-buku maupun literatur lain, bahan hukum tersier berupa kamus, kemudian bahan hukum yang terkumpul disusun dan dianalisis. Kontrak pembinaan yang dibuat oleh pemain sepak bola di bawah umur dengan klub, seperti yang terjadi pada RAP FC, dapat dianggap sah jika memenuhi syarat hukum perjanjian sesuai Pasal 1320KUHPerdata yaitu kecakapan bertindak, namun karena pemain di bawah umur belum cakap karena belum dewasa, wajib melibatkan persetujuan orang tua, wali atau agen. Dengan demikian sesuai Pasal 1338 KUHPerdata kontrak tersebut baru sah dan mengikat, dan kedua pihak harus menjalankan kewajibannya. Jika salah satu pihak gagal, dapat menuntut pemenuhan kontrak atau ganti rugi. / Football is a highly popular and widely followed sport, with professional clubs recruiting young players from an early age. However, contracts for underage football players often lead to controversy, particularly regarding potential exploitation and the protection of children's rights. According to contract law in Indonesia, a player development contract must meet the legal requirements stipulated in Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code. Furthermore, football players under the age of 21 who are unmarried cannot be considered legally competent to enter into agreements, as stated in Articles 330 and 1330 of the Civil Code. The research problem in this thesis revolves around whether a development contract signed by an underage football player with a football club is legally valid under contract law and what legal consequences arise from such an agreement. This study employs normative legal research using the statutory approach and conceptual approach. The data used are secondary data, consisting of primary legal materials such as the Indonesian Civil Code, secondary legal materials obtained from books and other literature, and tertiary legal materials such as dictionaries. The collected legal materials are then compiled and analyzed. A development contract signed between an underage football player and a club, as seen in the case of RAP FC, can be considered valid if it meets the legal requirements of a contract under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code, particularly regarding legal capacity. However, since underage players lack legal competence due to their minority status, parental, guardian, or agent approval is required. Thus, in accordance with Article 1338 of the Civil Code, the contract only becomes legally binding once such approval is obtained, obliging both parties to fulfill their obligations. If one party fails to comply, the other may demand contract performance or seek compensation for damages.

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