Penerapan Building Information Modelling (BIM) Dalam Meningkatkan Kolaborasi Para Pemangku Kepentingan Pada Proyek Konstruksi

Telaumbanua, Artikan Grace Sevtjulman (2025) Penerapan Building Information Modelling (BIM) Dalam Meningkatkan Kolaborasi Para Pemangku Kepentingan Pada Proyek Konstruksi. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penerapan Building Information Modelling (BIM) pada proyek konstruksi telah menjadi inovasi penting dalam meningkatkan koordinasi dan kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, seperti pemilik proyek, kontraktor, konsultan, dan subkontraktor. BIM memfasilitasi integrasi data digital multidisiplin (struktur, arsitektur, dan mekanikal–elektrikal–plumbing/MEP) melalui fitur clash detection, real-time updates, serta visualisasi 3D yang lebih akurat, sehingga mampu mengurangi konflik desain, keterlambatan proyek, dan pekerjaan ulang (rework). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas BIM terhadap kolaborasi dan efisiensi waktu dibandingkan metode konvensional, dengan studi kasus proyek pembangunan gedung Eka Hospital MT Haryono. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dengan simulasi komputer, menggunakan data primer berupa model BIM terintegrasi dan laporan clash detection, serta data sekunder dari literatur metode konvensional. Analisis dilakukan dengan simulasi koordinasi model 3D menggunakan Autodesk Navisworks untuk mengidentifikasi benturan desain dan menghitung potensi penghematan waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan BIM berhasil mendeteksi 22 clash utama yang jika tidak teridentifikasi akan menambah durasi proyek hingga 74 hari. Namun dengan BIM, waktu penambahan durasi hanya 8,32 hari, menghasilkan efisiensi waktu sebesar 12,83%. Kajian literatur juga menunjukkan penyebab dominan clash antara disiplin MEP dan arsitektur adalah ketidakselarasan koordinat model, sedangkan clash antara MEP dan struktur disebabkan kompleksitas sistem MEP serta kurangnya koordinasi sejak perencanaan awal. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa perencanaan berbasis BIM penting untuk mengoptimalkan koordinasi lintas disiplin, meminimalkan risiko kesalahan desain, serta meningkatkan produktivitas proyek konstruksi. Kata kunci: Building Information Modelling (BIM), Kolaborasi, Clash detection, Pemangku Kepentingan, Efisiensi Waktu, Proyek Konstruksi / The implementation of Building Information Modeling (BIM) in construction projects has become a significant innovation for improving coordination and collaboration among stakeholders, such as project owners, contractors, consultants, and subcontractors. BIM facilitates the integration of multidisciplinary digital data (structural, architectural, and mechanical-electrical-plumbing/MEP) through features like clash detection, real-time updates, and more accurate 3D visualization. This capability helps to reduce design conflicts, project delays, and rework. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of BIM on collaboration and time efficiency compared to conventional methods, using the Eka Hospital MT Haryono building project as a case study. The research method used is a quantitative approach with computer simulation, utilizing primary data in the form of an integrated BIM model and clash detection reports, as well as secondary data from literature on conventional methods. The analysis was conducted by simulating 3D model coordination using Autodesk Navisworks to identify design clashes and calculate potential time savings. The results show that BIM successfully detected 22 major clashes that, if left unidentified, would have added up to 74 days to the project duration. However, with BIM, the duration increase was only 8.32 days, resulting in a time efficiency of 12.83%. The literature review also indicated that the dominant cause of clashes between MEP and architectural disciplines was misaligned model coordinates, while clashes between MEP and structural disciplines were due to the complexity of the MEP system and a lack of early-stage coordination. These findings confirm that BIM-based planning is crucial for optimizing cross-disciplinary coordination, minimizing the risk of design errors, and increasing the productivity of construction projects. Keywords: Building Information Modeling (BIM), Collaboration, Clash detection, Stakeholder, Time Efficiency, Construction Project

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