UPAYA MENGATASI TUMPANG TINDIH KEWENANGAN APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM DALAM PEMERIKSAAN KAPAL-KAPAL NIAGA YANG MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA = EFFORT TO OVERCOME OVERLAPPING AUTHORITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN INSPECTING COMMERCIAL VESSELS THAT HINDER ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA

Sitepu, Yosef (2025) UPAYA MENGATASI TUMPANG TINDIH KEWENANGAN APARAT PENEGAK HUKUM DALAM PEMERIKSAAN KAPAL-KAPAL NIAGA YANG MENGHAMBAT PERTUMBUHAN PEREKONOMIAN DI INDONESIA = EFFORT TO OVERCOME OVERLAPPING AUTHORITY OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICIALS IN INSPECTING COMMERCIAL VESSELS THAT HINDER ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDONESIA. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (NKRI) secara geostrategi merupakan negara maritim berbentuk kepulauan (archipelago state), yang terletak pada posisi silang diantara dua benua dan dua samudera. Posisi ini menjadikan Indonesia berada pada titik strategis dalam perdagangan dan transportasi internasional. Sebagai negara kemaritiman, Indonesia belum memiliki lembaga penegak hukum di laut yang solid, seperti halnya di Jepang, Tiongkok, Australia dan Amerika Serikat yang telah memiliki satu lembaga satu atap yakni Coast Guard. Dalam upaya penegakan hukum dan keamanan di laut, Indonesia memiliki 17 peraturan perundang-undangan nasional dan 13 instansi/lembaga penegak hukum. sehingga pengaturan dan kewenangan aparat maupun kelembagaan terkadang saling tumpang tindih. Kondisi ini disamping membingungkan juga memberatkan pengusaha perkapalan karena setiap saat instansi/lembaga tersebut dapat menghentikan dan memeriksa kapal di tengah laut, hal ini akan mengganggu jadwal operasi kapal, sehingga biaya logistik dan bahan bakar membengkak. Spesifikasi penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif, Penulis melakukan studi lapangan dengan memperoleh data primer menyangkut regulasi penegakan hukum di perairan Indonesia, dan menggunakan studi kepustakaan serta menggunakan teknik wawancara. Berdasarkan hasil penilitian disimpulkan bahwa diperlukan harmonisasi sistem hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan dengan dibentuknya satu sistem keamanan laut terpadu (Coast Guard) melalui peran BAKAMLA. Kata Kunci: Tumpang tindih kewenangan, hukum laut, Coast Guard, BAKAMLA. / The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI) isa geostrategic maritime state in the form of an archipelago state, which is located at the crossroads between two continents and two oceans. This position makes Indonesia at a strategic point in international trade and transportation. As a maritime country, Indonesia does not have a solid law enforcement agency at sea, as in Japan, China, Australia and the United States which already have one one-stop institution, namely the Coast Guard. In law enforcement and security efforts at sea, Indonesia has 17 national laws and regulations and 13 law enforcement agencies/agencies. So that the rules and authority of the apparatus and institutions sometimes overlap. This condition is not only confusing but also burdensome for shipping entrepreneurs because at any time these agencies/institutions can stop and inspect ships in the middle of the sea, this will disrupt the ship's operating schedule, so that logistics and fuel costs swell. The specification of this study uses a normative legal research method, the author conducted a field study by obtaining primary data regarding law enforcement regulations in Indonesian waters, and useda literature study and using interview techniques . Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that itis necessary to harmonize the legal system and laws and regulations with the formation of an integrated maritime security system (Coast Guard) through the role of BAKAMLA. Keywords: Overlapping authority, law of the sea, Coast Guard, BAKAMLA

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