Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Dengan Head 18 Meter Dan Debit 41,6 Liter Per Detik Pada Air Terjun Mondrowe

Gulo, Arivelis (2025) Perencanaan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Dengan Head 18 Meter Dan Debit 41,6 Liter Per Detik Pada Air Terjun Mondrowe. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro (PLTMH) di Air Terjun Mondrowe, Pulau Nias, untuk menyediakan energi terbarukan yang berkelanjutan bagi masyarakat terpencil. Air Terjun Mondrowe memiliki head 18 meter dan debit air 41,6 liter/detik, menjadikannya lokasi ideal untuk PLTMH skala kecil. Penelitian dilakukan melalui tahapan sistematis, yaitu studi literatur untuk memahami prinsip mikrohidro (PLTMH), kunjungan lapangan dengan bantuan keluarga lokal untuk pengumpulan data, pengukuran debit dan head secara langsung, analisis potensi daya, pemilihan komponen sistem, serta analisis ekonomi untuk mengevaluasi kelayakan finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan PLTMH ini mampu menghasilkan daya 5 kW dengan energi tahunan 42.360 kWh/tahun, berdasarkan operasi 24 jam/hari selama 353 hari/tahun, dengan mempertimbangkan waktu pemeliharaan. Turbin Pelton dipilih karena efisiensinya (75%) pada kondisi head tinggi dan debit rendah. Sistem transmisi menggunakan sabuk V tipe B berbahan balata dengan rasio 2:1, menghubungkan turbin (750 rpm) ke generator (1500 rpm) untuk kinerja optimal. Analisis ekonomi menunjukkan biaya investasi awal Rp124.437.500, payback period 2,41 tahun, Net Present Value (NPV) Rp92.716.746, dan Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1,75, mengindikasikan proyek ini layak secara finansial. PLTMH ini juga mengurangi emisi CO₂ sebesar 38,12 ton/tahun, mendukung keberlanjutan lingkungan dan mengurangi ketergantungan pada bahan bakar fosil. Proyek ini memberikan solusi energi terjangkau bagi masyarakat Nias dengan ekonomi menengah ke bawah, meningkatkan akses listrik di daerah terpencil, mendorong pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui pelibatan dalam konstruksi dan pemeliharaan, serta menjadi model untuk pengembangan PLTMH serupa di lokasi lain dengan potensi air sebanding, mendukung visi pembangunan energi berkelanjutan di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: PLTMH, Air Terjun Mondrowe, Turbin Pelton, Energi Terbarukan, Analisis Ekonomi / This study aims to design a Micro Hydropower Plant (PLTMH) at Mondrowe Waterfall, Nias Island, to provide sustainable renewable energy for remote communities. Mondrowe Waterfall, with a head of 18 meters and a water flow rate of 41,6 liters/second, is an ideal location for a small-scale PLTMH. The research was conducted through systematic stages, including a literature review to understand PLTMH principles, field visits with the assistance of local families for data collection, direct measurements of flow rate and head, analysis of power potential, selection of system components, and economic analysis to evaluate financial feasibility. The results show that the PLTMH can generate 5 kW of power, producing an annual energy output of 42,360 kWh/year, based on 24-hour operation for 353 days/year, accounting for maintenance periods. A Pelton turbine was selected due to its high efficiency (75%) in high-head, low-flow conditions. The transmission system employs a Type B V-belt made of balata with a 2:1 ratio, connecting the turbine (750 rpm) to the generator (1500 rpm) for optimal performance. Economic analysis indicates an initial investment cost of IDR 124.437.500, a payback period of 2,41 years, a Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 92.716.746, and a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 1,75, confirming the project’s financial viability. The PLTMH also reduces CO₂ emissions by 38,12 tons/year, supporting environmental sustainability and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. This project provides an affordable energy solution for the Nias community with low to middle economic status, enhances electricity access in remote areas, promotes community empowerment through involvement in construction and maintenance, and serves as a model for developing similar PLTMHs in other locations with comparable water potential, contributing to Indonesia’s sustainable energy development vision. Keywords: Micro Hydro Power Plant (PLTMH), Mondrowe Waterfall, Pelton Turbine, Renewable Energy, Economic Analysis

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