Kuliner Batak Sebagai Instrumen Diplomasi Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Keterhubungan Sosial Dan Ekonomi Indonesia Di Diaspora: Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Batak Di Belanda

Pasaribu, Rahel Anastasya (2025) Kuliner Batak Sebagai Instrumen Diplomasi Masyarakat Dalam Meningkatkan Keterhubungan Sosial Dan Ekonomi Indonesia Di Diaspora: Studi Kasus Pada Komunitas Batak Di Belanda. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini membahas peran kuliner Batak sebagai instrumen diplomasi masyarakat dalam meningkatkan keterhubungan sosial dan ekonomi Indonesia di diaspora, dengan fokus pada komunitas Batak di Belanda. Penelitian ini berangkat dari permasalahan keterhubungan budaya dan identitas diaspora di tengah dinamika multikultural, serta potensi kuliner sebagai medium komunikasi lintas budaya yang efektif. Menggunakan teori diplomasi publik Jan Melissen yang dikonseptualisasikan secara spesifik pada praktik gastrodiplomasi, serta teori modal sosial Putnam, penelitian ini menelaah bagaimana praktik kuliner tidak hanya mempertahankan identitas budaya diaspora, tetapi juga menjadi media interaksi sosial dengan masyarakat lokal dan sesama diaspora Indonesia. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus digunakan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen terkait aktivitas kuliner komunitas Batak di Belanda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan kuliner seperti penyelenggaraan acara adat, partisipasi festival budaya, serta usaha restoran Batak berfungsi sebagai sarana gastrodiplomasi informal yang efektif dalam memperkenalkan nilai-nilai budaya Batak, membangun konektivitas sosial, serta mendukung aspek ekonomi diaspora melalui usaha kuliner. Temuan ini mengonfirmasi bahwa kuliner Batak di diaspora bukan hanya menjaga kesinambungan budaya, tetapi juga menjadi saluran diplomasi publik Indonesia secara partisipatif, sekaligus berkontribusi pada penguatan citra Indonesia melalui jalur masyarakat sipil di luar negeri./ This research discusses the role of Batak cuisine as an instrument of community diplomacy in increasing social and economic connectivity of Indonesia in the diaspora, with a focus on the Batak community in the Netherlands. This study starts from the problem of cultural connectivity and diaspora identity amidst multicultural dynamics, as well as the potential of cuisine as an effective medium of cross-cultural communication. Using Jan Melissen's public diplomacy theory which is specifically conceptualized in the practice of gastrodiplomacy, as well as Putnam's social capital theory, this study examines how culinary practices not only maintain the cultural identity of the diaspora, but also become a medium of social interaction with local communities and fellow Indonesian diaspora. Qualitative research methods with a case study approach are used through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis related to the culinary activities of the Batak community in the Netherlands. The results of the study show that culinary activities such as organizing traditional events, participating in cultural festivals, and Batak restaurant businesses function as effective informal gastrodiplomacy means in introducing Batak cultural values, building social connectivity, and supporting the economic aspects of the diaspora through culinary businesses. These findings confirm that Batak cuisine in the diaspora not only maintains cultural continuity, but also becomes a channel for participatory Indonesian public diplomacy, while contributing to strengthening Indonesia's image through civil society channels abroad.

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