Fenomena Kesetaraan Gender Vis-À-Vis Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Terhadap Perempuan Di Indonesia

Orno, Christabel Benedicta (2025) Fenomena Kesetaraan Gender Vis-À-Vis Kekerasan Berbasis Gender Terhadap Perempuan Di Indonesia. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh paradoks antara kemajuan kesetaraan gender dengan meningkatnya kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap perempuan di Indonesia. Di satu sisi, negara telah menunjukkan kemajuan melalui kebijakan afirmatif, peningkatan akses pendidikan, dan keterlibatan perempuan dalam sektor publik. Organisasi non-pemerintah juga turut memperkuat kapasitas perempuan dalam memperjuangkan hak-haknya, sementara kemajuan teknologi membuka ruang baru bagi partisipasi perempuan. Namun di sisi lain, kekerasan terhadap perempuan terus meningkat, baik dalam bentuk kekerasan domestik, pelecehan di ruang publik, hingga kekerasan yang dilegitimasi secara struktural dan budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengapa peningkatan kesetaraan gender tidak serta-merta menurunkan angka kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap perempuan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif melalui studi kasus eksploratif dan model penelitian eksplanasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Feminisme Marxis, konsep Kekerasan Berbasis Gender, dan konsep Kesetaraan Gender dan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus dengan sumber data wawancara dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekerasan terhadap perempuan tidak berdiri sendiri, melainkan merupakan hasil dari interaksi sistemik antara struktur patriarki dan kapitalisme yang menciptakan relasi kuasa timpang. Pendekatan dalam penanganan kekerasan berbasis gender oleh negara baik secara filosofis dan regulatif serta pendekatan oleh NGO Internasional, belum menyentuh akar dari Kekerasan Berbasis Gender secara struktural yang merepresentasikan kapitalisme dan kultural yang merepresentasikan patriarki. Untuk itu diperlukan reformasi kebijakan yang lebih jauh serta transformasi sosial budaya dan peran serta dari NGO baik nasional khususnya internasional./This research is motivated by the paradox between the progress of gender equality and the rising incidence of gender-based violence (GBV) against women in Indonesia. On one hand, the state has made significant advancements through affirmative policies, increased access to education, and women's participation in the public sector. Non-governmental organizations have also strengthened women's capacity to advocate for their rights, while technological advancements have opened new avenues for women's participation. On the other hand, violence against women continues to rise, manifesting in domestic violence, harassment in public spaces, and violence legitimized through structural and cultural means. This study aims to explain why improvements in gender equality have not led to a corresponding decline in gender-based violence against women in Indonesia. Employing a qualitative approach through an exploratory case study and explanatory model, this research draws upon Marxis feminist theory, Gender-Based Violence concept, and the concept of gender equality. Data were collected through interviews and literature review. The findings reveal that violence against women does not occur in isolation but is the result of systemic interactions between patriarchal structures and capitalism that perpetuate unequal power relations. The state’s approach to addressing GBV—both philosophically and regulatively—as well as interventions by international NGOs, has yet to address the structural roots of GBV that are embedded in capitalism and the cultural foundations rooted in patriarchy. Therefore, deeper policy reforms, socio-cultural transformation, and meaningful engagement from both national and especially international NGOs are required to ensure substantive gender equality and the elimination of gender-based violence against women in Indonesia.

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