Balance of Threat: Dampak Nord Stream 2 Gas Pipeline Terhadap Geopolitik dan Keamanan Polandia 2020-2023

Oktariani, Nangdua Debora (2025) Balance of Threat: Dampak Nord Stream 2 Gas Pipeline Terhadap Geopolitik dan Keamanan Polandia 2020-2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Proyek Nord Stream 2 telah mengubah peta energi Eropa secara drastis, namun di balik jalur pipa bawah laut itu tersembunyi ancaman serius yang tidak kasat mata yaitu ketergantungan energi sebagai senjata politik. Skripsi ini mengkaji bagaimana ketergantungan energi Polandia pada Rusia melalui Nord Stream 2 menjadi ancaman nyata bagi keamanan nasional dan posisi geopolitiknya selama periode 2020–2023. Dengan menggunakan teori Balance of Threat dari Stephen Walt dan konsep Geopolitik Energi, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dominasi energi Rusia tidak hanya berdampak pada pasokan gas, tetapi juga menggerus ruang manuver politik Polandia di kancah Eropa Timur. Pendekatan kualitatif-deskriptif digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dengan analisis studi kasus tingkat negara, dan data dikumpulkan melalui kajian literatur sekunder, termasuk jurnal ilmiah, dokumen kebijakan, dan laporan institusi resmi. Penelitian ini tidak hanya memperkuat relevansi teori ancaman dalam situasi saat ini, tetapi juga menjadi refleksi bahwa dalam dunia hubungan internasional modern, energi bukan lagi sekadar kebutuhan, melainkan alat negosiasi, tekanan, bahkan ancaman. / The Nord Stream 2 project has dramatically reshaped Europe’s energy map, but behind the deep-sea pipeline lies an invisible threat, that energy dependence as a political weapon. This thesis explores how Poland’s energy dependence on Russia through Nord Stream 2 became a real threat to its national security and geopolitical standing during the 2020–2023 period. Using Stephen Walt’s Balance of Threat theory and the concept of Energy Geopolitics, the study reveals that Russia’s energy dominance impacts not only gas supply but also Poland’s political leverage in Eastern Europe. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach with a state-level case study analysis, using secondary data sources such as academic journals, policy documents, and institutional reports. This study not only reinforces the relevance of threat-based theories in modern international relations but also highlights how energy in today's world has evolved from a basic need into an instrument of diplomacy, coercion, and geopolitical contestation

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