Diplomasi Lingkungan Indonesia Menuju Net Zero Emission Tahun 2060: Studi Kasus Pembangunan PLTS Terapung Waduk Cirata

Duha, Juilri Fatma (2025) Diplomasi Lingkungan Indonesia Menuju Net Zero Emission Tahun 2060: Studi Kasus Pembangunan PLTS Terapung Waduk Cirata. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Krisis lingkungan akibat emisi karbon menjadi ancaman nyata bagi keberlanjutan kehidupan global, termasuk Indonesia. Penggunaan energi fosil, seperti batu bara, masih mendominasi dan menjadi penyebab utama peningkatan emisi gas rumah kaca. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, pemerintah Indonesia menetapkan target mencapai Net Zero Emission (NZE) pada tahun 2060. Salah satu langkah nyata dalam upaya transisi menuju energi bersih adalah pembangunan Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Terapung di Waduk Cirata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis implementasi diplomasi lingkungan Indonesia melalui proyek Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) Terapung Cirata, yang dibangun sebagai hasil kolaborasi dengan Uni Emirat Arab (UEA) serta beberapa negara mitra lainnya. Landasan teoritis yang digunakan adalah teori diplomasi lingkungan yang dikemukakan Andreas Pramudianto dan Verdianan Robertua Siahaan serta konsep environmental hazard dan Net Zero Emission. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi literatur dan analisis dokumen guna mengkaji dinamika kebijakan, peran para aktor, serta hasil dari proyek yang dikaji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa diplomasi lingkungan Indonesia berhasil mendorong investasi asing, alih teknologi, dan penguatan kerja sama internasional dalam bidang energi terbarukan. PLTS Cirata diproyeksikan mengurangi emisi karbon hingga 214 ribu ton CO₂ setiap tahunnya dan menjadi simbol komitmen Indonesia dalam mencapai Net Zero Emission. Proyek ini juga melibatkan berbagai aktor non-negara, seperti sektor swasta dan masyarakat sipil, yang menunjukkan pendekatan kolaboratif dalam diplomasi iklim. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan penguatan kebijakan lintas sektor, keterlibatan masyarakat lokal, serta diplomasi multilateral berkelanjutan untuk mendukung transisi energi Indonesia menuju masa depan yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan./ Environmental crises caused by carbon emissions have become a real threat to the sustainability of global life, including in Indonesia. The use of fossil fuels, such as coal, still dominates and is the primary contributor to the rise in greenhouse gas emissions. To address this issue, the Indonesian government has set a target to achieve Net Zero Emissions (NZE) by 2060. One tangible step in the transition to clean energy is the development of the Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant (PLTS) on the Cirata Reservoir. This study aims to analyze the implementation of Indonesia’s environmental diplomacy through the Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant project, which was developed in collaboration with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and several other partner countries. The theoretical foundation of this research is based on the environmental diplomacy theory proposed by Andreas Pramudianto and Verdinand Robertua Siahaan, along with the concepts of environmental hazard and Net Zero Emission. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method using literature review and document analysis to examine policy dynamics, the roles of various actors, and the outcomes of the project. The findings reveal that Indonesia’s environmental diplomacy has successfully driven foreign investment, technology transfer, and the strengthening of international cooperation in the field of renewable energy. The Cirata Floating Solar Power Plant is projected to reduce carbon emissions by up to 214,000 tons of CO₂ annually and serves as a symbol of Indonesia’s commitment to achieving NZE. This project also involves various non-state actors, including the private sector and civil society, demonstrating a collaborative approach to climate diplomacy. The study recommends strengthening cross-sectoral policies, engaging local communities, and promoting sustainable multilateral diplomacy to support Indonesia’s energy transition toward an environmentally friendly and sustainable future.

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