Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia

Leonardo, Rian Aditya (2025) Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Anak Berhadapan Dengan Hukum Dalam Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak Di Indonesia. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Perlindungan hukum bagi anak dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia dikaji dengan fokus pada penerapan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak serta mekanisme restorative justice dan diversi. Implementasi masih terkendala oleh pemahaman aparat dan keterbatasan fasilitas. Rumusan masalah dalam skripsi ini adalah bagaimana bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap anak berhadapan dengan hukum dalam sistem peradilan pidana anak di Indonesia? dan apakah penerapan sanksi pidana terhadap anak berhadapan dengan hukum sudah sesuai dengan prinsip kepentingan terbaik bagi anak (Best Interest Of The Child)? Penelitian ini bersifat normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan (Statute Approach) dan pendekatan konsep (Conceptual Approach). Data yang digunakan melibatkan data sekunder, seperti bahan hukum primer, seperti Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak, Undang-Undang No. 35 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak, dan Konvensi Hak Anak 1989. Sementara itu, bahan hukum sekunder mencakup buku-buku dan literatur lainnya, dan bahan hukum tertier melibatkan kamus. Perlindungan hukum terhadap anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum di Indonesia menekankan pendekatan rehabilitatif dan edukatif berdasarkan prinsip keadilan, kepentingan terbaik anak, dan non-diskriminasi. Melalui konsep Restorative Justice dan diversi, proses hukum dirancang untuk melindungi hak anak, meminimalkan dampak negatif, dan mendorong reintegrasi sosial. Namun, penerapan sanksi pidana belum sepenuhnya sejalan dengan Prinsip Kepentingan Terbaik Bagi Anak, karena praktik di lapangan masih sering berorientasi pada penghukuman. Diperlukan penguatan diversi, reformasi fasilitas rehabilitasi, dan penyuluhan kepada aparat hukum untuk memastikan prinsip tersebut terwujud. Oleh karena itu, Penegak hukum di Indonesia disarankan untuk lebih sensitif terhadap kebutuhan perkembangan anak yang berhadapan dengan hukum, dengan mengedepankan penyelesaian di luar pengadilan untuk meminimalkan dampak psikologis dan menghindari stigma sosial. Kapasitas aparat penegak hukum perlu ditingkatkan melalui pelatihan agar mampu menerapkan prosedur ramah anak, melindungi hak-hak anak, dan mendukung reintegrasi sosial. Selain itu, prinsip Best Interest of the Child harus diimplementasikan melalui pendekatan restoratif, proses diversi yang maksimal, pelibatan psikolog atau pekerja sosial, serta pemberian sanksi yang mendidik. Kerja sama lintas lembaga, penyediaan fasilitas ramah anak, dan evaluasi berkala juga diperlukan untuk memastikan keputusan hukum mempertimbangkan masa depan anak. / The legal protection for children within Indonesia's juvenile criminal justice system is examined with a focus on the application of the principle of the best interests of the child, as well as restorative justice and diversion mechanisms. Implementation is hindered by the limited understanding of law enforcement officers and inadequate facilities. The research questions addressed in this study are: How is the legal protection provided for children in conflict with the law within Indonesia's juvenile criminal justice system? And, is the imposition of criminal sanctions on children in conflict with the law aligned with the principle of the best interests of the child? This research is normative in nature, employing a statute approach and a conceptual approach. The data used includes secondary data, such as primary legal materials like Law No. 11 of 2012 on the Juvenile Criminal Justice System, Law No. 35 of 2014 on Amendments to Law No. 23 of 2002 on Child Protection, and the 1989 Convention on the Rights of the Child. Secondary legal materials include books and other literature, while tertiary legal materials encompass dictionaries. The research results show that, Legal Protection For Children in Conflict With The Law in Indonesia emphasizes a rehabilitative and educational approach based on principles of justice, the best interests of the child, and non-discrimination. Through restorative justice and diversion concepts, legal processes are designed to protect children's rights, minimize negative impacts, and promote social reintegration. However, the imposition of criminal sanctions has not fully aligned with the principle of the best interests of the child, as field practices often remain punitive in orientation. Strengthening diversion mechanisms, reforming rehabilitation facilities, and providing training for law enforcement officers are necessary to ensure the principle is realized. Law enforcement in Indonesia is recommended to be more sensitive to the developmental needs of children in conflict with the law by prioritizing out-of-court resolutions to minimize psychological impacts and avoid social stigma. The capacity of law enforcement officers should be enhanced through training to implement child-friendly procedures, protect children's rights, and support social reintegration. Furthermore, the principle of the best interests of the child must be implemented through a restorative approach, maximizing diversion processes, involving psychologists or social workers, and imposing educational sanctions. Cross-agency collaboration, the provision of child- friendly facilities, and regular evaluations are also essential to ensure legal decisions prioritize the future well-being of children.

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