Hariyanto, Anatasya Tracyka (2025) Penerapan Kedaulatan Negara atas Sumber Daya Alam dalam Sengketa Perdagangan Internasional (Kasus Sengketa Larangan Ekspor Bijih Nikel antara Indonesia dan Uni Eropa dalam Perkara No. DS592). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Indonesia, dengan cadangan nikel terbesar di dunia, menerapkan kebijakan hilirisasi untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah ekonomi dan memperkuat rantai pasok domestik. Namun, kebijakan ini mendapat tantangan dari Uni Eropa yang mengklaim bahwa kebijakan tersebut melanggar Pasal XI:1 GATT 1994. Sengketa ini mencerminkan ketegangan antara kedaulatan negara atas dan kepatuhan terhadap aturan perdagangan internasional. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana kedaulatan negara bisa dijalankan dalam keanggotaan Organisasi Perdagangan Internasional (WTO) dan bagaimana WTO menyeimbangkan kepentingan negara-negara anggota dalam perdagangan internasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif yang bersandar pada penggunaan sumber data sekunder dengan menggunakan bahan hukum primer, sekunder, dan data hukum tersier. Penelitian juga menggunakan pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan konsep. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kedaulatan negara dan teori keseimbangan kepentingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedaulatan negara dalam konteks keanggotaan WTO bersifat relatif, dengan batasan yang disepakati dalam perjanjian perdagangan internasional. Meskipun Indonesia berargumen bahwa kebijakan hilirisasi didasarkan pada prinsip kedaulatan permanen atas sumber daya alam, panel WTO dalam sengketa DS592 menilai kebijakan tersebut bertentangan dengan ketentuan WTO. Indonesia perlu menyesuaikan kebijakan industrinya agar mendukung ekonomi nasional tanpa melanggar komitmen internasional. Kata kunci : Kedaulatan, Indonesia, Uni Eropa, WTO, Nikel, DS592, Sengketa, Hilirisasi / Indonesia, which possesses the world's largest nickel reserves, has implemented a downstream processing policy to enhance economic added value and strengthen the domestic supply chain. However, this policy has faced challenges from the European Union, which claims that it violates Article XI:1 of the GATT 1994. This dispute reflects the tension between national sovereignty and compliance with international trade regulations. The research problem in this study is how national sovereignty can be exercised within the membership of the World Trade Organization (WTO) and how the WTO balances the interests of its member states in international trade. This study employs a normative juridical method, relying on secondary data sources, including primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. It also utilises a case study and conceptual approach. The theories used in this research are the theory of state sovereignty and the theory of balance of interests. The findings indicate that national sovereignty within the context of WTO membership is relative, with limitations agreed upon in international trade agreements. Although Indonesia argues that its downstream processing policy is based on the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources, the WTO panel in the DS592 dispute ruled that the policy contravenes WTO provisions. Indonesia must adjust its industrial policies to support national economic development while adhering to its international commitments. keyword : Sovereignty, Indonesia, European Union, WTO, Nickel, DS592, Dispute, Downstream
Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | ||||||||||||
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Subjects: | LAW > Law of nations > Law of nations > Enforced settlement of international disputes > Non-military coercion | ||||||||||||
Divisions: | FAKULTAS HUKUM > Ilmu Hukum | ||||||||||||
Depositing User: | Ms Anatasya Tracyka Hariyanto | ||||||||||||
Date Deposited: | 09 Apr 2025 03:45 | ||||||||||||
Last Modified: | 09 Apr 2025 03:45 | ||||||||||||
URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/18517 |
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