Kontekstualisasi Kaidah Ruang Sakral Gereja Katolik Terhadap Perancangan Gereja Katolik di Jakarta

Wijayanti, Dinar Ari (2025) Kontekstualisasi Kaidah Ruang Sakral Gereja Katolik Terhadap Perancangan Gereja Katolik di Jakarta. S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Bangunan gereja Katolik berfungsi untuk menampung kegiatan ibadah umat Katolik dan memungkinkan partisipasi umat beriman dengan perlengkapan yang pantas, indah serta layak. Dalam konteks kehidupan masyarakat, bangunan gereja Katolik hadir menjadi identitas kehidupan rohani suatu komunitas umat beragama Katolik. Dalam konteks perkotaan, bangunan gereja Katolik secara bentuk dan rancangannya, secara khas menjadi penanda yang khas identitas suatu kota. Khusus di kota Jakarta, bangunan gereja Katolik menjadi salah satu saksi sejarah perkembangan kota Jakarta, penanda zaman dan mempunyai arti penting dalam kehidupan beragama di dalam masyarakat yang mempunyai latar belakang budaya beragam. Bangunan gereja Katolik di Jakarta sesuai zamannya, turut terpengaruh dengan perkembangan beragam gaya arsitektur. Unsur hakiki yang menjadi dasar dari perencanaan dan perancangan sebuah bangunan gereja Katolik adalah keyakinan iman yang menjadi daya hidup umat Katolik di Jakarta dengan corak yang khas, tidak lepas dari pengaruh budaya lokal dan perkembangan kota Jakarta. Perpaduan penerapan kaidah fungsi yang melayani liturgi tata ibadat Katolik dengan unsur-unsur lokal yang kontekstual menjadi sangat penting dalam suatu proses perancangan dan pembangunan rumah ibadah umat Katolik yang dapat menampung kegiatan beribadah, pengajaran dan pelayanan kepada umat Katolik yang dapat dipahami oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memadukan kaidah liturgi ruang sakra dengan berbagai elemen lokalitas untuk menemukan metode merancang bangunan gereja Katolik yang kontekstual. Lingkup penelitian ini adalah wilayah Keuskupan Agung Jakarta. Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang dilakukan melalui observasi, survei, dan studi kasus pada lima bangunan gereja Katolik di Jakarta yang dipilih berdasarkan signifikansi perancangan arsitektur yang menandai era bangunan tersebut dibangun. Penelitian ini diharapkan menghasilkan konsep perancangan ruang sakra yang dapat menjadi acuan perencanaan bagi arsitek dan profesional yang terlibat dalam desain bangunan gereja Katolik dan sebagai sumbangan pemikiran serta pengetahuan bagi masyarakat kita. Rancangan bangunan gereja Katolik yang kontekstual merupakan upaya berkontribusi merawat hubungan antar agama dan budaya. Kata kunci: Gereja Katolik; Kaidah; Kontekstualisasi; Perancangan; Ruang sakral. / The Catholic church building serves to accommodate the worship activities of Catholic believers and allows their participation with appropriate, beautiful, and dignified furnishings. In the context of community life, Catholic church buildings serve as the spiritual identity of a Catholic congregation. In an urban context, Catholic church buildings, in their form and design, typically serve as distinctive markers of a city's identity. Especially in Jakarta, these buildings represent historical witnesses to the city's development, serving as landmarks of different eras and holding significant meaning in the religious life of a culturally diverse society. The Catholic church buildings in Jakarta, according to their time, have been influenced by the development of various architectural styles. The fundamental element that forms the basis of planning and designing a Catholic church building is the faith conviction that serves as the life force of Catholic believers in Jakarta, with a distinctive character influenced by local culture and the development of the city of Jakarta. The integration of applying functional principles that serve the Catholic liturgical rites with contextual local elements is crucial in the process of designing and constructing a place of worship for Catholic believers. This space should accommodate worship activities, teaching, and service to the Catholic community while being accepted by the wider society. This research aims to combine the principles of liturgical space with various local elements to discover methods for designing contextual Catholic church buildings. The scope of this research covers the territory of the Archdiocese of Jakarta. This study is analytical in nature, employing a qualitative descriptive approach through observations, surveys, and case studies of selected Catholic church buildings in Jakarta. These buildings are chosen based on the architectural design significance that marks the era when they were constructed. This research is expected to produce a concept for designing sacred spaces that can serve as a planning guide for architects and experts involved in designing Catholic church buildings. It also aims to contribute ideas and knowledge to our society. Designing contextual Catholic church buildings is an effort to contribute to nurturing relationships between religions and cultures. Keywords: Catholic Church; Contextualization; Design; Sacred Space Principles; Sacred Space.

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