Profil Klinis Diare Akut pada Anak di Bawah 5 Tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI Tahun 2019

Elisabeth, Yolanda (2021) Profil Klinis Diare Akut pada Anak di Bawah 5 Tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI Tahun 2019. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Latar belakang: Diare adalah bertambahnya frekuensi buang air besar lebih dari 3 kali sehari disertai perubahan konsistensi tinja yang berbentuk cair dengan/tanpa darah dan/atau lendir. Diare dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai jenis bakteri, virus, dan parasit. Faktor yang secara langsung maupun tidak langsung menjadi pencetus kejadian diare yaitu faktor agen, penjamu, lingkungan, dan perilaku, seperti tidak tersedianya sumber air yang bersih, air tercemar oleh tinja, kekurangan sarana kebersihan (pembuangan tinja yang tidak baik), perilaku kebersihan setiap individu dan lingkungan yang kurang baik, proses pembuatan makanan kurang matang, dan penyimpanan makanan masak pada suhu kamar yang tidak semestinya. Sampai saat ini diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia karena tingkat morbiditas dan tingkat mortalitas yang masih sangat tinggi. Tujuan: Memperoleh informasi mengenai profil klinis diare akut pada anak dibawah 5 tahun di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI tahun 2019. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif. Terdapat 54 anak berusia di bawah 5 tahun yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Umum UKI yang menderita diare akut dengan data rekam medik yang lengkap. Data diambil dari catatan rekam medik pasien yang didiagnosis dengan diare akut pada tahun 2019. Data dianalisis deskriptif statistic menggunakan program Statistics Product and Service Solution (SPSS). Hasil: Berdasarkan data rekam medik didapatkan pasien diare akut pada anak di bawah 5 tahun paling banyak terdapat pada anak dengan jenis kelamin laki laki, yaitu sebanyak 51,9%, kelompok usia 1-3 tahun sebanyak 68,5%, pekerjaan orang tua sebagai karyawan sebanyak 53,7%, waktu kejadian rawat inap pada bulan Juli sebanyak 14,8%, lama rawat inap selama 4 hari sebanyak 44,4%, status gizi baik sebanyak 68,5%, makanan yang diberikan berupa makanan padat sebanyak 68,5%, gejala klinis berupa demam dan muntah sebanyak 70,4%, derajat dehidrasi ringan sampai sedang sebanyak 92,6%, tanpa penyakit penyerta sebanyak 59,3%, dan hasil laborarorium leukositosis sebanyak 57,4%. Kesimpulan: Simpulan studi ini adalah profil klinis pasien diare akut pada anak di bawah 5 tahun yang paling banyak ditemukan pada anak laki-laki, kelompok usia 1-3 tahun, pekerjaan orang tua sebagai karyawan, waktu kejadian rawat inap di bulan Juli, lama rawat inap selama 4 hari, status gizi baik, makanan yang diberikan berupa makanan padat, gejala klinis berupa demam dan muntah, derajat dehirasi ringan sampai sedang, tanpa penyakit penyerta, dan hasil laboratorium ditemukan leukositosis. Kata Kunci: Diare Akut, Anak, Status Gizi, ASI, MP-ASI. / Background: Diarrhea is an increase in the frequency of bowel movements more than 3 times a day accompanied by changes in the consistency of liquid stools with / without blood and / or mucus. Diarrhea can be caused by various types of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Factors that directly or indirectly trigger the incidence of diarrhea are agent, host, environment, and behavior factors, such as unavailability of clean water sources, water contaminated by feces, lack of sanitary facilities (bad disposal of faeces), hygiene behavior of each individual. and unfavorable environment, the process of making undercooked food, and improper storage of cooked food at room temperature. Until now, diarrhea is still a health problem in developing countries like Indonesia because the morbidity and mortality rates are still very high. Objective: Obtain information about the clinical profile of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years at the UKI General Hospital in 2019. Methods: This study used a descriptive research design. There are 54 children under 5 years old who are treated at UKI General Hospital who suffer from acute diarrhea with complete medical record data. The data were taken from the medical records of patients diagnosed with acute diarrhea in 2019. The data were analyzed descriptively statistically using the Statistics Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. Results: Based on medical record data, it was found that patients with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years were mostly male, namely 51.9%, age group 1- 3 years as much as 68.5%. employees as much as 53.7%, the incidence of hospitalization in July was 14.8%, the length of stay for 4 days was 44.4%, good nutritional status was 68.5%, the food given in the form of solid food was 68, 5%, clinical symptoms in the form of fever and vomiting as much as 70.4%, degree of mild to moderate dehydration as much as 92.6%, without comorbidities as much as 59.3%, and laboratory results of leukocytosis as much as 57.4%. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the clinical profile of patients with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years which is mostly found in boys, the 1-3 years age group, the occupation of parents as employees, time of hospitalization in July, length of stay. stay for 4 days, good nutritional status, food given in the form of solid food, clinical symptoms such as fever and vomiting, mild to moderate dehydration, without comorbidities, and laboratory results found leukocytosis. Keywords: Acute diarrhea, children, nutritional status, breast milk, complementary foods.

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