Gambaran Total Jam Terbang, Kejadian Miopia Ringan dan Tingkat Tekanan Intraokular pada Calon Penerbang Dan Penerbang TNI AU di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan Ruang Angkasa (Lakespra) Dr. Saryanto Tahun 2023

Oktavia, Dea Permata (2024) Gambaran Total Jam Terbang, Kejadian Miopia Ringan dan Tingkat Tekanan Intraokular pada Calon Penerbang Dan Penerbang TNI AU di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan Ruang Angkasa (Lakespra) Dr. Saryanto Tahun 2023. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Latar Belakang : Indera penglihatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam penerbangan, kemampuan mata kanan dan kiri berfungsi dalam menilai perkiraan jarak. Gangguan refraktif yang paling sering pada penerbang adalah miopia. Penerbang menghabiskan waktu kerjanya dalam ketinggian tertentu. Ketinggian suatu tempat sangat berpengaruh terhadap proses pernafasan manusia. Tekanan barometrik akan menurun dan kadar oksigen di udara akan semakin menipis di dataran yang semakin tinggi sehingga dapat terjadi hipoksia. Hipoksia dapat menyebabkan pembengkakan atau penebalan lapisan kornea, yang dapat menyebabkan miopia. Lalu, paparan terhadap ketinggian juga dapat mempengaruhi tingkat tekanan intraokular. Ketika hipoksia, kornea mengalami metabolisme anaerobik, menyebabkan pergeseran tekanan hidrasi ke dalam ruang stroma ekstraseluler, yang mengarah ke peningkatan ketebalan kornea sentral. TIO akan meningkat 0,32 mmHg setiap peningkatan 10 µm ketebalan kornea sentral. Metode : metode penelitian ini adalah retrospektif dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif. Data penelitian menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil : Penelitian dilakukan di Lembaga Kesehatan Penerbangan Ruang Angkasa (Lakespra) dr. Saryanto, hasil penelitian ini diperoleh dari data sekunder berupa data rekam medis. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Lakespra dr. Saryanto, terdapat 240 responden yang memiliki data sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi. Simpulan : Gambaran karakteristik demografi umur mayoritas responden adalah 21-34 tahun, yaitu sebanyak 193 responden (80,4%), jenis kelamin mayoritas adalah laki-laki yaitu sebanyak 229 responden (95,4%), total jam terbang didominasi oleh responden dengan total jam terbang <1000 jam, yaitu sebanyak 185 responden (77,1%), miopia ringan didapatkan sebanyak 39 responden (16,3%) dengan rata – rata miopia mata kanan 0,82 dan mata kiri 0,88. Gambaran tekanan intraokular didapatkan bahwa seluruh responden dengan total 240 responden (100%) memiliki tekanan intraokular yang normal (<21mmHg), dengan nilai rata – rata TIO mata kanan sebesar 16,4 mmHg (100%) dan rata – rata TIO mata kiri sebesar 15,6 mmHg (100%). / Background: The sense of sight is very important in aviation, the ability of the right and left function in assessing distance estimates. The most common refractive error in aviators is myopia. Aviators spend their working time at a certain altitude. The altitude of a place greatly affects the human respiratory process. Barometric pressure will decrease and oxygen levels in the air will be depleted at higher altitudes so that hypoxia can occur. Hypoxia can cause swelling or thickening of the corneal layer, which can lead to myopia. Furthermore, exposure to altitude can also affect intraocular pressure levels. When hypoxic, the cornea undergoes anaerobic metabolism, causing a shift in hydration pressure into the extracellular stromal space, leading to an increase in central corneal thickness. IOP will increase by 0.32 mmHg every 10 µm increase in central corneal thickness. Method: this research method is retrospective using descriptive research methods. The research data used secondary data. Results:The research was conducted at the Space Flight Health Institute (Lakespra) dr. Saryanto, the results of this study were obtained from secondary data in the form of medical record data. Based on data obtained from Lakespra dr. Saryanto, there were 240 respondents who had data in accordance with the inclusion criteria. Conclusion: The demographic characteristics of the age of the majority of respondents were 21-34 years old, as many as 193 respondents (80.4%), the majority of gender was male, as many as 229 respondents (95.4%), total flying hours were dominated by respondents with total flying hours <1000 hours, as many as 185 respondents (77.1%), mild myopia was found as many as 39 respondents (16.3%) with an average myopia of 0.82 right eye and 0.88 left eye. Intraocular pressure was found that all respondents with a total of 240 respondents (100%) had normal intraocular pressure (<21mmHg), with an average right eye IOP value of 16.4 mmHg (100%) and an average left eye IOP of 15.6 mmHg (100%).

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