Hady, Peregrine Laziosi Finkan (2023) Pengaruh Variasi Waktu Tempering terhadap Struktur Mikro dan Struktur Kristal pada Baja Karbon sebagai Bahan Mandrill. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.
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Abstract
Baja adalah logam paduan yang terdiri dari unsur besi (Fe) dan karbon (C). Kandungan karbon yang terdapat pada baja bisa mencapai hingga 2%, serta memiliki unsur lain seperti belerang (S), fosfor (P), silikon (Si) dan mangan (Mn) dengan jumlah kecil. Penulisan ini membahas pengaruh waktu tempering terhadap struktur kristal serta struktur mikro pada baja, serta memberikan informasi komposisi pada baja yang diuji. Alat uji yang akan digunakan untuk pengamatan struktur kristal adalah Difraktometer Sinar-X (XRD) dan alat uji yang akan digunakan untuk pengamatan struktur mikro serta komposisi material adalah Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa proses quenching dan tempering sangat berpengaruh pada struktur mikro serta struktur kristal. Proses tempering dalam waktu 1 jam mengakibatkan peningkatan ukuran kristal, dari 0,2698 (nm) menjadi 1,0948 (nm). Proses tempering dalam waktu 1 jam mengakibatkan penurunan kerapatan dislokasi, dari 16.7556 (garis/mm2) menjadi 0.9341 (garis/mm2). Proses tempering dalam waktu 1 jam juga mengakibatkan penurunan regangan mikro, dari 0.2932 (ε) menjadi 0.0752 (ε). Beberapa komposisi yang terdapat pada material uji, yaitu besi (Fe), oksigen (O), mangan (Mn), natrium (Na), kromium (Cr), kalsium (Ca), dan karbon (C). Berdasarkan pengujian struktur mikro setelah proses tempering, presentase atom besi (Fe) sebanyak 65,79% mengalami penurunan menjadi 42,96%. Kemudian setelah proses tempering, presentase atom mangan (Mn) sebanyak 0,51% juga mengalami penurunan menjadi 0,34%. Sebaliknya setelah proses tempering, presentase atom oksigen (O) sebanyak 33,31% mengalami peningkatan menjadi 54,12%. Kemudian setelah proses tempering, presentase atom natrium (Na) sebanyak 0.33% juga mengalami peningkatan menjadi 2,46%. / Steel is an alloy metal composed of iron (Fe) and carbon (C) elements. The carbon content in steel can reach up to 2% and contains other elements such as sulfur (S), phosphorus (P), silicon (Si), and manganese (Mn) in small amounts. This writing discusses the effect of tempering time on the crystal structure and microstructure of steel, as well as provides information on the composition of the tested steel. The testing equipment used for observing the crystal structure is the X-ray Diffractometer (XRD), and the equipment used for observing the microstructure and material composition is the Scanning Electron Microscopy – Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX). This research shows that the quenching and tempering processes significantly affect the microstructure and crystal structure. The tempering process for 1 hour results in an increase in crystal size, from 0.2698 (nm) to 1.0948 (nm). The tempering process for 1 hour also leads to a decrease in dislocation density, from 16.7556 (lines/mm²) to (0.9341 lines/mm²). The tempering process for 1 hour further causes a reduction in microstrain, from 0.2932 (ε) to 0.0752 (ε). Several compositions found in the tested material include iron (Fe), oxygen (O), manganese (Mn), sodium (Na), chromium (Cr), calcium (Ca), and carbon (C). Based on the microstructure testing after the tempering process, the percentage of iron (Fe) atoms decreased from 65.79% to 42.96%. After the tempering process, the percentage of manganese (Mn) atoms also decreased from 0.51% to 0.34%. Conversely, after the tempering process, the percentage of oxygen (O) atoms increased from 33.31% to 54.12%. Additionally, after the tempering process, the percentage of sodium (Na) atoms increased from 0.33% to 2.46%.
| Item Type: | Thesis (S1) | ||||||||||||
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| Subjects: | TECHNOLOGY TECHNOLOGY > Mechanical engineering and machinery |
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| Divisions: | FAKULTAS TEKNIK > Teknik Mesin | ||||||||||||
| Depositing User: | Users 3627 not found. | ||||||||||||
| Date Deposited: | 24 Jul 2024 03:34 | ||||||||||||
| Last Modified: | 24 Jul 2024 03:34 | ||||||||||||
| URI: | http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/15184 |
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