Analisis Risiko Kredit pada Usaha Kecil Menengah (Studi Kasus pada Bank X)

Kalangi, Deisy (2023) Analisis Risiko Kredit pada Usaha Kecil Menengah (Studi Kasus pada Bank X). S2 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Dukungan terhadap usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah sebagai bagian integra l dari ekonomi rakyat diamanatkan dalam Undang-Undang no.20 tahun 2008. Dikatakan UMKM merupakan bagian integral ekonomi rakyat yang mempunya i peran dan potensi strategis untuk mewujudkan struktur perekonomian yang makin seimbang, berkembang dan berkeadilan. Selain itu Undang-Undang ini juga mengamanatkan mengenai sumber pendanaan dan fasilitasi UMKM untuk dapat mengakses kredit perbankan dan Lembaga keuangan bukan bank. Peraturan Bank Indonesia no.14/22/PBI/2012 mengatur kewajiban bank umum untuk menyalurkan dananya dalam bentuk kredit atau pembiayaan kepada UMKM, perluasan bentuk dan penerima bantuan teknis dari Bank Indonesia serta pengenaan sangsi apabila bank umum tidak mencapai rasio pemberian kredit atau pembiayaan UMKM yang ditetapkan. Sejak periode 2018 jumlah rekening UMKM di bank X terlihat mengalami penurunan dari 11.954 menjadi 8.806 di tahun 2022. Hal ini sejalan dengan menurunnya baki debet dari 18.199.877 menjadi 12.766.945 pada periode yang sama. Sebagaimana bank lain, bank X juga menghadapi masalah non performing loan (NPL). Walaupun masih dibawah maksimum toleransi Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) yaitu 5 %, non performing loan (NPL) UMKM menunjukkan trend yang meningkat yakni sebesar rata-rata 8,01 % pada periode 2018 - 2022. Hal yang sama juga ditunjukkan dengan kondisi ratio NPL terhadap gross yang meningkat sebesar 17,01 %. Lonjakan terbesar terjadi di tahun 2020 – 2022 saat pandemi covid 19 melanda Indonesia dan seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk menelit i dan mengidentifikasi penyebab kredit bermasalah (non performing loan) yang diberikan kepada UMKM di bank X dilihat dari faktor 5C dan bagaimana manajemen risiko kredit usaha mikro, kecil dan menengah di bank X. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyebab utama non performing loan bank X pada periode 2018 – 2022 adalah masalah intern bank 23,8 %, intern nasabah 51,8 % dan ekstern bank dan nasabah 24,4 %. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi 10 kejadian tidak diharapkan (KTD) yang menjadi penyebab kredit bermasalah di bank X. Mitigasi risiko yang disarankan antara lain meeview kredit limit, memperbaiki kualitas collateral, perbaikan training dan SOP, meningkatkan pengawasan yang berfokus kepada penurunan dampak, probabilitas maupun keduanya. / Support for micro, small and medium enterprises as an integral part of the people's economy is mandated in Law no. 20 of 2008. It is stated that MSMEs are an integral part of the people's economy which has a strategic role and potential to create an economic structure that is more balanced, developed and just. Apart from that, this law also mandates funding sources and facilitation for MSMEs to be able to access bank credit and non-bank financial institutions. Bank Indonesia Regulation no.14/22/PBI/2012 regulates the obligations of commercialbanks to channeltheir fundsin the form of credit or financing to MSMEs, expanding the forms and recipients of technical assistance from Bank Indonesia as well as the imposition of sanctions if commercial banks do not reach the lending or financing ratio for MSMEs set. Since the 2018 period, the number of MSME accounts at Bank X has seen a decrease from 11,954 to 8,806 in 2022. This is in line with the decrease in debit balance from 18,199,877 to 12,766,945 in the same period. Like other banks, Bank X also faces non-performing loan (NPL) problems. Eventhough it is still below the maximum tolerance of the Financial Services Authority (OJK), namely 5%, non-performing loans (NPL) for MSMEs shows an increasing trend, namely an average of 8.01% in the 2018 - 2022 period. The same thing is also shown by the condition of the NPL ratio. to gross which increased by 17.01%. The biggest spike occurred in 2020 – 2022 when the Covid 19 pandemic hit Indonesia and the whole world. This research is intended to examine and identify the causes of non- performing loans given to MSMEs at bank Bank This research also identified 10 unexpected events (KTD) which were the cause of problem loans at Bank X. Recommended risk mitigation includes reviewing credit limits, improving collateral quality, improving training and SOPs, increasing supervision that focuses on reducing impact, probability or both.

Item Type: Thesis (S2)
Contributors:
ContributionContributorsNIDN/NIDKEmail
Thesis advisorTambunan, Martua E.NIDN0303126805martua.eliakim@uki.ac.id
Thesis advisorTewu, DennyNIDN0311076306denny.tewu@uki.ac.id
Subjects: SOCIAL SCIENCES > Industries. Land use. Labor > Management. Industrial management > Risk in industry. Risk management
Divisions: FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS > Manajemen
Depositing User: Users 4165 not found.
Date Deposited: 02 Feb 2024 07:54
Last Modified: 02 Feb 2024 07:54
URI: http://repository.uki.ac.id/id/eprint/13188

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