Karakteristik Ibu Hamil dengan Preeklampsia di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia Periode 2018-2022

Sintia, Feby (2023) Karakteristik Ibu Hamil dengan Preeklampsia di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia Periode 2018-2022. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Preeklampsia adalah hipertensi disertai dengan proteinuria yang timbul setelah 20 minggu kehamilan sampai akhir minggu pertama setelah persalinan. Preeklampsia dapat diklasifikasikan berdasarkan tingkat keparahan penyakitnya yaitu preeklampsia dan preeklampsia berat. Etiologi dari preeklampsia hingga saat ini belum diketahui secara pasti sehingga preeklampsia disebut sebagai “penyakit teori”. Namun, ada berbagai faktor predisposisi yang dapat mempengaruhi terjadinya preeklampsia seperti paritas,indeks massa tubuh, usia, jarak kehamilan, riwayat hipertensi, riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya, kehamilan ganda, diabetes melitus, dan pendidikan rendah. Di Indonesia, preeklampsia menjadi urutan kedua penyebab kematian ibu hamil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran angka kejadian preeklampsia berdasarkan usia, diagnosis preeklampsia, paritas, graviditas, dan indeks massa tubuh. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini deskriptif dengan pendekatan retrospektif serta mengambil sebanyak 51 data rekam medik pasien preeklampsia yang sesuai kriteria inklusi di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia periode 2018-2022 dengan metode total sampling. Ibu hamil dengan preeklampsia paling banyak dialami pada rentang usia 20-35 tahun sebanyak jumlah 44 orang (86,3%). Diagnosis yang sering dialami ibu hamil adalah preeklampsia berat sebanyak 38 orang (74,5%). Preeklampsia juga banyak terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan primigravida sebanyak 31 orang (60,8%), selain itu pada ibu hamil dengan nulipara sebanyak 34 orang (66,7%). Preeklampsia juga cenderung terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan obesitas sebanyak 24 orang (47,1%). Kata Kunci : Preeklampsia, Hipertensi Dalam Kehamilan, Karakteristik. / Preeclampsia is hypertension accompanied by proteinuria that occurs after 20 weeks of gestation until the end of the first week after delivery. Preeclampsia can be classified based on the severity of the disease, namely preeclampsia and severe preeclampsia. Until now, the etiology of preeclampsia is not known with certainty so preeclampsia is referred to as a "disease theory". However, various predisposing factors can influence the occurrence of preeclampsia such as parity, body mass index, age, spacing of pregnancies, history of hypertension, previous history of preeclampsia, multiple pregnancies, diabetes mellitus, and low education. In Indonesia, preeclampsia is the second leading cause of death for pregnant women. This study aims to describe the description of the incidence of preeclampsia based on age, preeclampsia diagnosis, parity, gravidity, and body mass index. The method used in this study was descriptive with a retrospective approach and took as many as 51 medical record data from preeclampsia patients who met the inclusion criteria at the Universitas Kristen Indonesia hospital for the 2018-2022 period using the total sampling method. Pregnant women with preeclampsia were mostly experienced in the age range of 20-35 years with a total of 44 people (86.3%). The diagnosis that is often experienced by pregnant women is severe preeclampsia in 38 people (74.5%). Preeclampsia also occurs frequently in pregnant women with primigravidas as many as 31 people (60.8%), in addition to pregnant women with nullipara as many as 34 people (66.7%). Preeclampsia also tends to occur in pregnant women with obesity as many as 24 people (47.1%). Keywords : Preeclampsia, Hypertension in Pregnancy, Characteristics

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