Profil Penderita Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Kulit di Rumah Sakit Khusus Kanker Siloam MRCCC Semanggi Tahun 2019−2022

Carismawarni, Gracesyta (2023) Profil Penderita Karsinoma Sel Skuamosa Kulit di Rumah Sakit Khusus Kanker Siloam MRCCC Semanggi Tahun 2019−2022. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Karsinoma sel skuamosa (KSS) kulit merupakan kanker kulit kedua paling umum dari semua keganasan kulit. Terdapat peningkatan insidensi KSS kulit pada populasi orang usia lanjut. Akumulasi radiasi sinar UV matahari menjadi faktor risiko yang memiliki peran penting, disertai usia lanjut, jenis kelamin laki-laki, ras terkait pigmentasi kulit, dan kondisi-kondisi tertentu seperti kelainan genetik, dan paparan karsinogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil penderita KSS kulit di Rumah Sakit Khusus Kanker Siloam MRCCC Semanggi tahun 2019−2022. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode total sampling menggunakan arsip patologi anatomik. Penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap 26 arsip pasien, ditemukan bahwa distribusi jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki sejumlah 17 pasien (65.4%), distribusi kelompok usia terbanyak terjadi pada usia 25−44 tahun sejumlah 11 pasien (42.3%). Berdasarkan lokasi lesi KSS kulit banyak ditemukan di area H yang terdiri atas bagian wajah (kelopak mata, alis, hidung, bibir, dagu pelipis, telinga, mandibula, tangan, kaki, genitalia) sejumlah 11 pasien (42.3%) dengan mayoritas ada di daerah hidung. KSS kulit yang paling banyak ditemukan berukuran ≥ 2 cm sejumlah 12 pasien (46.1%). Berdasarkan distribusi gambaran klinis terbanyak adalah tidak disebutkan sejumlah 15 pasien, dan sisanya adanya ulserasi sejumlah 11 pasien (42.3%) serta tanpa pembesaran KGB sejumlah 20 pasien (76.9%). Distribusi gambaran histopatologis terbanyak adalah derajat diferensiasi banyak ditemukan diferensiasi baik sejumlah 10 pasien (38.5%), dan distribusi invasi perineural sejumlah 2 pasien (7.7%) lainnya tidak disebutkan. Karsinoma sel skuamosa kulit memiliki prognosis yang baik bila ditangani sedini mungkin, namun sering terdiagnosis bila sudah stadium lanjut sehingga prognosisnya sudah buruk. Manajemen yang tepat adalah membedakan antara yang mana lesi berisiko tinggi dan berisiko rendah dan menentukan pengobatan yang tepat. Kata kunci: karsinoma sel skuamosa, kulit, profil. / Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer of all skin malignancies. There is an increased incidence of cSCC in the elderly population. Accumulation of solar UV radiation is a risk factor that has an important role, along with old age, male gender, race associated with skin pigmentation, and certain conditions such as genetic disorders, exposure to carcinogens, and so on. This study aims to determine the profile of cSCC sufferers at the MRCCC Siloam Semanggi Cancer Hospital in 2019−2022. The research was conducted by total sampling method using archives of anatomic pathology. Research conducted on 26 patient medical records, found that the highest gender distribution was male with 17 patients (65.4%), the highest age group distribution occurred at the age of 25−44 years with 11 patients (42.3%). Based on the location of the lesion, most cSCC were found in area H which consists of parts of the face (eyelids, eyebrows, nose, lips, chin, temples, ears, mandibles, hands, feet, genitalia) in 11 patients (42.3%) with the majority on the nose. The most common cSCC was ≥ 2 cm in 12 patients (46.1%). Based on the distribution of clinical features, most were unspecified in 15 patients, and the rest were ulcerated in 11 patients (42.3%), and without lymph node enlargement in 20 patients (76.9%). The distribution of the most frequent histopathologic features of differentiation was found to be well differentiated in 10 patients (38.5%), and the distribution of perineural invasion in the other 2 patients (7.7%) could not be determined. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) has a good prognosis if treated as early as possible, but is often diagnosed at an advanced stage so the prognosis is poor. Appropriate management is differentiating between high-risk and low-risk lesions and determining appropriate treatment. Keywords: squamous cell carcinoma, cutaneous, profile

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