Perbandingan Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Pendidikan (Tipe B)

Sitorus, Tromphin (2023) Perbandingan Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi di Puskesmas dan Rumah Sakit Pendidikan (Tipe B). S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hipertensi didefinisikan sebagai suatu diagnosis ketika tekanan darah sistolik individu ≥140 mm Hg dan/atau tekanan darah diastolik ≥90 mmHg setelah dua kali pengukuran dalam keadaan cukup istirahat/tenang dengan selang waktu lima menit. Insiden hipertensi terkait dengan faktor genetik dan gaya hidup pada seseorang. Tingkat ekonomi yang rendah menjadi faktor risiko lainnya dari hipertensi. Penyakit stroke, penyakit jantung koroner (PJK), diabetes, gagal ginjal dan kebutaan merupakan beberapa komplikasi hipertensi tak terkontrol. Indonesia telah memiliki sistem kesehatan terintegrasi yang disebut dengan Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Peserta datang berobat ke Fasilitas Kesehatan Tingkat Pertama (FTKP) kemudian dapat dirujuk ke rumah sakit sekunder/tersier sesuai dengan tingkat keparahan yang dialami. Namun, penggunaan obat antihipertensi antara puskesmas sebagai FTKP dan rumah sakit sering dibandingkan. Oleh sebab itu penulis tertarik untuk meneliti perbadingan penggunaan obat antihipertensi di puskesmas dan rumah sakit pendidikan (tipe b). Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang (cross sectional) non eksperimental dengan desain deskriptif, retrospektif dengan menggunakan rekam medik. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan selama kurang lebih empat bulan, dimulai dari Agustus – November 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, dalam kriteria tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, dan tepat dosis baik di puskesmas maupun di rumah sakit memiliki capaian yang sempurna (100%). Sedangkan, dalam kriteria tepat obat, sebanyak 66,7% pasien mendapatkan obat yang tepat di puskesmas dan 85,4% pasien di rumah sakit. Sehingga, penggunaan obat rasional lebih rendah di Puskesmas Rawabuntu yaitu 66,7% dibandingkan dengan Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia dengan nilai 85,4% disertai perbedaan statistik yang signifikan (p<0,05). Kata kunci: hipertensi, obat antihipertensi, puskesmas, rumah sakit pendidikan (tipe b). / Hypertension is defined as a diagnosis when a person's systolic blood pressure is 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure is ≥90 mmHg in a state of sufficient rest/quiet after two measurements with an interval of five minutes. The incidence of hypertension is related to genetic and lifestyle factors in a person. Low economic level is another risk factor for hypertension. Uncontrolled hypertension can lead to various complications such as stroke, coronary heart disease (CHD), diabetes, kidney failure and blindness. Indonesia already has an integrated health system called the Social Security Administering Body (BPJS) for Health. Participants come for treatment to the First Level Health Facility (FTKP) then they can be referred to a secondary/tertiary hospital according to the severity experienced. However, the use of antihypertensive drugs between puskesmas as FTKP and hospitals is often compared. Therefore, the authors are interested in examining the comparison of the use of antihypertensive drugs in public health centers and teaching hospitals (type b). This study is a non-experimental cross-sectional study with a descriptive, retrospective design using medical records. This research will be conducted for approximately four months, starting from August – November 2022. The minimum sample is 97 people using consecutive sampling technique. The results showed that the criteria for the right indication, the right patient, and the right dose both at the primary health care (puskesmas) and at the hospital had perfect results (100%). Meanwhile, in terms of the right drug criteria, as many as 66.7% of patients got the right drug at the primary health care (puskesmas) and 85.4% of patients at the hospital. Thus, rational drug use was lower at the primary health care of Rawabuuntu, namely 66.7% compared to the Universitas Kristen Indonesia General Hospital with a value of 85.4% with a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Keywords: hypertension, antihypertensive drugs, public health centers, teaching hospital (type b)

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