Faktor Risiko Preeklampsia pada Ibu Bersalin di RSUD Budhi Asih Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Periode Maret 2020 - Maret 2022

Zabrina, Lavenia (2023) Faktor Risiko Preeklampsia pada Ibu Bersalin di RSUD Budhi Asih Selama Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Periode Maret 2020 - Maret 2022. S1 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Preeklampsia atau dikenal sebagai “new onset of persistent hypertension” dapat meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan anak. Berdasarkan Profil Kesehatan Indonesia (2015), angka kematian ibu (AKI) dikarenakan preeklampsia di Indonesia mencapai 25%. Masa pandemi Covid-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) memberikan dampak terhadap akses dan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan termasuk bagi maternal dan neonatal. Hal ini sejalan dengan hasil penelitian ini didapatkan adanya penurunan jumlah persalinan di RSUD Budhi Asih yang berdampak pada penurunan jumlah kasus preeklampsia selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko pasien ibu bersalin dengan preeklampsia di RSUD Budhi Asih selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan desain case control dan pendekatan retrospektif, menggunakan data rekam medik ibu bersalin di RSUD Budhi Asih dari bulan Maret 2020 – Maret 2022. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 128 orang (64 kasus dan 64 kontrol) dengan teknik simple random. Analisis data menggunakan uji Chi-square dan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia adalah usia ibu (p=0,049), status paritas (p=0,041), hipertensi kronik (p=0,000), dan IMT (p=0,003). Variabel yang tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian preeklampsia adalah riwayat preeklampsia sebelumnya (p=0,094), interval kehamilan (p=0,367), dan riwayat keluarga preeklampsia (p=0,154). Variabel yang paling dominan adalah hipertensi kronik (OR 36,162; 95%CI 4,453-293,655). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah hipertensi kronik, obesitas, usia berisiko (<20 tahun atau >35 tahun), dan nullipara atau primipara merupakan faktor risiko kejadian preeklampsia di RSUD Budhi Asih selama masa pandemi Covid-19./ Preeclampsia or known as "new onset of persistent hypertension" can increase the morbidity and mortality of mothers and children. Based on the Indonesian Health Profile (2015), the maternal mortality rate (MMR) due to preeclampsia in Indonesia reaches 25%. The Covid-19 pandemic (Corona Virus Disease 2019) had an impact on access to and quality of health services, including for maternal and neonatal. This is in line with the results of this study which found a decrease in the number of deliveries at Budhi Asih Hospital which had an impact on reducing the number of preeclampsia cases during the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to determine the risk factors for maternal patients with preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic. This type of research is an observational analytic with a case-control design and a retrospective approach, using medical records of mothers giving birth at Budhi Asih Hospital from March 2020 – March 2022. The number of samples was 128 people (64 cases and 64 controls) using a simple random technique. Data analysis used Chi-square test and logistic regression. The results showed that the variables associated with the incidence of preeclampsia were maternal age (p=0.049), parity status (p=0.041), chronic hypertension (p=0.000), and BMI (p=0.003). Variables that were not related to the incidence of preeclampsia were previous history of preeclampsia (p=0.094), pregnancy interval (p=0.367), and family history of preeclampsia (p=0.154). The most dominant variable was chronic hypertension (OR 36.162; 95% CI 4.453-293.655). The conclusion of this study is chronic hypertension, obesity, age at risk (<20 years or >35 years), and nullipara or primipara are risk factors for preeclampsia at Budhi Asih Hospital during the Covid-19 pandemic.

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