Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga yang Mengalami Masalah Kurang Pengetahuan tentang Hipertensi dengan Tindakan Promosi Kesehatan Diet Rendah Garam di Perumahan Graha Prima Kecamatan Tambun Utara Bekasi Timur

Wewengkang, Natasha Cicilia Stela (2020) Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga yang Mengalami Masalah Kurang Pengetahuan tentang Hipertensi dengan Tindakan Promosi Kesehatan Diet Rendah Garam di Perumahan Graha Prima Kecamatan Tambun Utara Bekasi Timur. D3 thesis, Universitas Kristen Indonesia.

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Abstract

Hipertensi merupakan keadaan dimana seorang di diagnosa memiliki tekanan sistolik di atas 140 mmHg dan tekanan diastolik di atas 90 mmHg. Bila seorang didiagnosis menderita hipertensi, maka seumur hidup didiagnosis harus mengatur pola makan yang bermanfaat dalam mengontrol tekanan darah agar stabil. Jumlah penderita hipertensi di indonesia yang tidak melakukan diet yang tidak teratur dilaporkan sekitar 77,2 %, ketidakpatuhan terhadap diet hipertensi menyebabkan meningkatnya angka kejadian kekambuhan hipertensi. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif dalam bentuk studi kasus yang bertujuan melaksanakan asuhan keperawatan pada klien hipertensi dengan masalah kurang pengetahuan di Perumahan Graha Prima, Kecamatan Tambun Utara, Bekasi Timur. Jumlah didiagnosis hipertensi ada 2 orang. Metode pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan pemeriksaan fisik. Instrumen pengumpulan data menggunakan format asuhan keperawatan keluarga sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku di Prodi DIII Keperawatan Fakultas Vokasi Universitas Kristen Indonesia Jakarta Timur. Berdasarkan analisa data dari hasil pengkajian, keluarga I dan keluarga II mengalami gejala hipertensi yang menetap. Diagnosa keperawatan yang muncul adalah kurangnya pengetahuan didiagnosa terhadap penyakit Hipertensi. Perencanaan promosi kesehatan berfokus pada mengatur pola makan sesuai dengan diet rendah garam yang dianjurkan. Pelaksanaan dilakukan dengan memberikan contoh menu diet rendah garam sehari-hari sesuai dengan ukuran rumah tangga. Hasil dari evaluasi selama 5 kali kunjungan rumah menunjukan bahwa keluarga I dan keluarga II mampu memahami dan mengaplikasikan menu diet rendah garam yang sesuai dalam kehidupan sehari hari. Penulis berharap agar penelitian ini dapat berguna bagi perawat untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan terhadap pelaksanaan masalah kurangnya pengetahuan keluarga terhadap riwayat hipertensi, untuk mencegah kambuhnya gejala hipertensi di masa mendatang. Kata kunci : Hipertensi, Promosi Kesehatan, Diet Rendah Garam ./ Hypertension is a condition where a person is diagnosed with a systolic pressure above 140 mmHg and a diastolic pressure above 90 mmHg. If a person is diagnosed with hypertension, then throughout his life he must adjust a diet that is useful in controlling blood pressure to be stable. The number of hypertensive patients in Indonesia who do not follow a regular diet is reported to be around 77.2%, non-adherence to the hypertension diet causes an increase in the incidence of hypertension recurrence. In this study, the authors used a descriptive method in the form of a case study that aims to carry out nursing care for hypertensive clients with lack of knowledge in Graha Prima Housing, North Tambun District, East Bekasi. There were 2 people diagnosed with hypertension. The data collection method was done by interview, observation and physical examination. The data collection instrument used the family nursing care format according to the applicable provisions in the Nursing Study Program at the Vocational Faculty of the Indonesian Christian University, East Jakarta. Based on the data analysis from the assessment results, family I and family II experienced persistent symptoms of hypertension. Nursing diagnosis that appears is a lack of knowledge of being diagnosed with hypertension. Health promotion planning focuses on adjusting the diet according to the recommended low salt diet. Implementation is done by providing an example of a daily low-salt diet according to household size. The results of the evaluation during 5 home visits showed that family I and family II were able to understand and apply a low-salt diet menu that was appropriate in their daily life. The author hopes that this study can be useful for nurses to increase knowledge of the implementation of the problem of lack of family knowledge of a history of hypertension, to prevent recurrence of hypertension symptoms in the future. Keywords: Hypertension, Health Promotion, Low Salt Diet.

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